Modern Historians' Understanding And Practice Of Shide

The theory of historian’s morality is presented by Zhang Xuecheng during Qing dynasty, and it’s based on previous thought and theory. In fact, it’s an important part of cultivating of historian. From tradition to modern times, historian’s cognition to morality is not all same, but they all explain it focusing on the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity, this theory’s connotation requires historian to deal with the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity exactly and make subjectivity obey objectivity,then achieve the goal of historical truth.In the early 20th century, western objectivism of historiography and positivist historiography introduce to China, these two useful theories cause the huge response of Chinese historiography, under the huge influence of many western historiography theories, the theory of historian’s morality gradually excited toward to scientific and modern direction. However, modern historians get rid of traditional historians feudal dregs, they can’t rule out of the personal likes and dislikes, ideology, national emotions,such factors have influence to their historical practice and case their practice and cognition to morality go against road. Fu Sinian and Guo Moruo both are very active historian, they have attached great importance to scientific method to the historical data, they regard narrative objective history as their research target. However, in the real research process, the influence of various subjective and objective factors make historical practice and their cognition come to contradiction. This article takes Fu Sinian and Guo Moruo for examples to show the relationship between cognition and practice at particular time.This article consists of three major parts:they are introduction, text and epilogue. The text also divided into three parts, the first part introduce how the theory of historian’s morality is put forwarded and the connotation of this theory, and discussed traditional historians’ thought of morality and Liang Qichao’s included of China and the western cognition; And the second part mainly study Historical Source School’s leader Fu Sinian’s understanding of the theory of morality and practice, it also analyze Fu Sinian’s contradiction between his knowledge of morality and historical practice;The third part takes Guo Moruo as an example to analyze his research understanding and practice.