Xinzhou Dialect Grammar Research

This paper studies Xinzhou dialect’s grammar by using field survey and gives a Synchronic description of Xinzhou dialect. It also compares Xinzhou dialect with mandarin to find the syntax features and compensate for the lack of research in this area.The first part summarizes Xinzhou’s geographical and cultural condition, Xinzhou dialect’s usage, Xinzhou dialect’s research history. It also gives a brief introduction of the meaning of Xinzhou dialect’s study and the research methods taken by this paper.The second part introduces the affix, pronouns, numerals, quantifiers, adverbs by local features, particle, preposition, conjunction, modal. Compared to the mandarin, the suffix of Xinzhou dialect is richer, some of which can not be found in the mandarin. These suffixes have a high frequency of use, syntax functional diversity, judgments color and local color. When personal pronouns is represented possessive, theirs’tone should be changed to Rusheng Tone. When represent a complex relationship, personal pronouns can be followed by the personal pronouns "者 " or " 他者 " comes after a common noun. There are still some of the more featured digital word formation and quantifiers in Xinzhou dialect. This paper introduces some unique adverbs in Xinzhou dialect and has an analysis of some adverbs which both exit in Xinzhou dialect and mandarin. Some adverbs are the remains of the ancient Chinese adverb, some adverbs have diverse function. It roughly introduces particles, conjunctions, prepositions, and modal particles.The third part describes the aspectual system, questions system, negative system and comparison system, it also describes the marker, representative format and sentences of thses systematic denials. When expressed these categories, in addition to the same expression with mandarin, there are some unique markers and expressions in Xinzhou dialect. For example, words like "赶不到" "有得 "似" are not seen in mandarin but they are commonly used in Xinzhou dialect.The fourth part introduces three kinds of the more distinctive sentences which contain “ta(它)","dao(倒)" and the word "ba(把)". "它" sentence and "倒" sentence can both express a kind of imperative sentences. The " 把 " Sentence can represent disposal and a passive sentence. When used in a passive "把 " sentence can be transferred with " 把得 " sentence.At last it summarizes the characteristics of Xinzhou dialect’s grammar.