| BackgroundWith the change of people's living standard and diet structure,the prevalence of hyperuricemia has increased year by year.Hyperuricemia population often eat too much seafood,meat food,and drink lots of beer,considing the cause of hyperuricemia was associated with a large diet of high purine food.Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease,obesity,hyperlipidemia and diabetes,which seriously affects the health of the people of our country.However,the rise of blood uric acid and the increase in the prevalence of hyperuricemia is related to excessive intake of purine foods from different sources of meat,seafood and legumes?Is hyperuricemia and other metabolic diseases associated with excessive intake of purine food?Can soy consumption induce hyperuricemia and gout?It needs for further study.Intestine is an important place for digestion and absorption of human body.It is an important immune organ and has a barrier function.Under normal conditions,the barrier function of the intestine tract(intestinal barrier)can effectively prevent the organism from being infringed by endogenous microorganisms and toxins during the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the intestinal tract,which is of great importance for the maintenance of human health.Studies have shown that intestinal barrier is affected by environment,diet,lifestyle and so on,and diet is an important factor affecting intestinal barrier.Some scholars have found that high purine diet can cause changes in intestinal flora and increase uric acid level.It is suggested that high purine diet can cause intestinal flora imbalance and hyperuricemia.However,is there a pathological link between the change of intestinal barrier function and the hyperuricemia?It needs for further study.Chicory is well known in Uighur folk medicine as a cholagogic and diuretic agent to improve the appetite,to increase digestion and to cure liver diseases,etc.In previous studies,we found chicory could lower serum uric acid effectively.The antihyperuricemic effect of chicory mainly associates with the decreased uric acid formation in the liver;increased uric acid excretion by the intestine and increased uric acid excretion by the kidney.This study is also part of the pharmacological research on chicory,different sources of purine bait,meat,beef,clams and beans were continuously interfered with Quail in the form of diet.And to observe the effect of purine bait from different sources on uric acid level in quail,and from the intestinal microflora barrier and the mechanical barrier angle,to explore the mechanism of chicory extract on reducing uric acid.ObjectivesFirst,to clarify the effect of non homologous bait on uric acid metabolism in quails,so as to provide scientific basis for dietary intake of hyperuricemia patients.Second,the pathological mechanism of non homologous food bait induced hyperuricemia in quail was explained by cutting into the microbiological barrier,mechanical barrier and the activity of uric acid metabolism related enzymes.Third,to clarify the effect of chicory extract on the disturbance of uric acid metabolism induced by meat beef and clam,and to provide a reference for the clinical intervention of chicory to improve urine acid metabolism disorder induced by purine diet.MethodsPathological basis of abnormal homologous urate metabolism induced by non homologous bait:The change of clinical dietary structure was simulated by etiological induction,and to intestinal the effects of non homologous raw meat beef powder,seafood clams and soybean powder on uric acid and related metabolic parameters in quail,to make clear the main pathogeniciy of the purine bait type;Biochemical,enzymatic and polymerized chain reactions were used to explore the possible pathological mechanism of urate metabolism disorder induced by non homologous bait.Chicory extract on the disturbance of uric acid metabolism in beef and seafood clams:Using multidisciplinary techniques,the study was conducted at the overall level,organ level,molecular level and microbiological level.Taking the key enzymes of purine metabolism and intestinal barrier as the breakthrough point,the intervention effect and possible role of chicory extract on uric acid metabolism disorder were analyzed by Q-PCR,Western Blot and immunohistochemistry.ContentsThis paper includes two parts:literature review and experimental research.The literature review mainly includes two aspects:the research progress of high purine diet and hyperuricemia,and the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on intestinal barrier.The experimental research mainly includes the following two chapters:Chapter one:effects of non homologous bait on blood uric acid and intestinal barrier in quails.In this chapter,the contents of adenine,guanine,xanthine and xanthine in feed were detected by HPLC.Preliminary comparison of the content of purine in meat,seafood and legume is the basis for later animal experiments.On the basis of the epidemiological investigation and the previous work of this research group,the effects of non-homologous intake on the metabolism of quail uric acid were studied.By dynamically detecting the level of quail uric acid,the purine food type was closely related to uric acid metabolism disorder.On the basis of preliminary observation of the change of uric acid metabolism induced by purine diet,to explore the pathological mechanism of urate metabolism induced by non homologous bait from the perspective of key enzymes of uric acid metabolism,intestinal microbial barrier and mechanical barrier.Chapter two:Effects of chicory extract on hyperuricemia and intestinal barrier injury in QuailsIn this chapter,on the basis of the study of pathological mechanism,the intervention study of chicory extract was carried out by using meat powder and seafood clam powder as a model inducer which led to the increase of blood uric acid level in quail.Through dynamic detection of uric acid level in quail,the aim was to observe the improvement of Chicory on the metabolism of uric acid induced by beef and clam.To discuss the intervention mechanism of chicory extract on the disturbance of uric acid metabolism induced by beef and clam.Result1.The purine content in feed determination research shows that:HPLC method was used to determine the total purine content in the feed:20%yeast feed,20%beef powder feed,10%beef powder feed,20%clam powder feed,10%clam powder feed,base feed,10%soybean meal feed,20%soybean meal feed.The latter two purine contents are close to the basic feed.Different purines have different effects on uric acid levels,including adenine and hypoxanthine content.The content of adenine and hypoxanthine in the feed was ranked by the order of high to low and the total purine content in the feed.2.Effects of non homologous bait on blood uric acid and intestinal barrier in quail:The level of quail UA was significantly increased by 10%and 20%of the dose of beef and clam purine,and 10%and 20%of the soy purine diet did not cause a significant change in the level of uric acid in quail.It is indicated that the intake of high purine meat beef and seafood clam can lead to the disorder of quail uric acid metabolism.Besides,beef,clams,purine diet were 10%,20%dose effect on liver XOD,ADA activity has increased,and the soybean purine diet were 10%,20%dose on the liver XOD,ADA activity had no effect,effect on lowering serum XOD,ADA activity,show that beef powder,clam powder,soybean meal three same purine diet,impact on the level of uric acid and uric acid production means key enzymes related to change.High purine beef powder,clam powder intake quail intestinal flora in the intestinal barrier after the main host bacterium number changed,and the intestinal mechanical barrier closely connected Occludin gene and protein expression level change.The 10%and 20%doses of beef and clam purine bait can significantly reduce the level of Occludin mRNA and protein expression,increase the number of pathogenic bacteria,and the 20%dose of clam purine bait can significantly reduce the number of bifidobacteria,which indicates that the intake of high purine meat and seafood can affect the intestinal barrier.It can alter the activities of key enzymes in uric acid metabolism by altering intestinal flora and intestinal mechanical barrier,resulting in the change of uric acid metabolism.3.The effect of chicory extract on intestinal barrier of urate metabolism disorder induced by non homologous purine bait,beef and clam was studied:The addition of chicory extract can significantly improve the level of uric acid caused by the intake of beef powder and clam powder,suggesting that the extract of chicory has the function to improve the disturbance of uric acid metabolism.Chicory can reduce the activities of XOD and ADA,which indicate that the effect of Chicory on reducing uric acid may be directly related to the activity of key enzymes of uric acid production.In addition,the addition of chicory could improve the number of main host bacteria in intestinal tract,reduce the number of Enterococcus faecalis and increase the number of bifidobacteria,which indicates that chicory has a better effect on intestinal flora.At the same time,chicory can increase the expression of Occludin mRNA and protein in the intestinal mechanical barrier,and reduce the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells,which indicates that chicory can improve the intestinal mechanical barrier.Conclusions1.Meat and seafood in non homologous bait can affect uric acid and blood lipid metabolism in quail,while beans have no effect on uric acid level in quail.The intake of meat and seafood leads to the abnormal metabolism of uric acid and the activity of uric acid metabolism,the change of the number of main host bacteria in the intestine,and the change of the expression of the close connexin Occludin in the intestinal tract.2.Chicory extract can significantly improve the metabolism of uric acid in quail induced by meat and seafood like purine bait.Chicory can reduce the activity of key enzymes of uric acid metabolism,regulate intestinal flora,increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract,and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria.Chicory increased the expression of Occludin protein in intestinal tight junction and reduced intestinal epithelial permeability.The effect of Chicory on improving the metabolism of uric acid may be related to regulating the intestinal flora and tight junction Occludin protein,and changing the activity of key enzymes of uric acid metabolism.Innovation points1.The effects of different sources of purine bait on the uric acid level of quails were observed,in order to explore the relationship between high purine food intake and hyperuricemia in people's diet.2.From the angle of intestinal barrier,the change of main intestinal host bacteria in the course of uric acid metabolism caused by non homologous bait was studied.The close connection of Occludin mRNA and protein expression in mechanical barrier was carried out,which was the study of the pathological mechanism of uric acid metabolism disorder induced by the dietary structure change characterized by the increase of high purine to provide a new perspective.3.With beef powder and clam powder as model inducers,the intervention mechanism of Chicory on prevention and treatment of uric acid metabolism disturbance was explained from microbial barrier and mechanical barrier level. |
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