| Objective:To observe the changes of the mechanical properties of the cartilage of the knee joint of KOA rabbits and the effect of acupotomy intervention on it.Methods:48 healthy and clean 6 month old New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group,electric acupuncture group and acupotomy group,with 12 rats in each group.Modified Videman method with nleft hind limb straight position fixed brake was used to made the model.One week after the model was built,the electric-acupuncture group were needled at Xuehai,Liangqiu and Waixiyan,20min each time.The treatment was performed 2 time a week for 4 weeks.The acupotomy group was operated on the corresponding part of the knee joint of the rabbit 2 time a week for 4 weeks.The animals were selected and tested 1 week after intervention.Detection indicators include.(1)Behavioral observation:the knee joint of each group was evaluated by the modified Lequesne MG knee rating scale,and the passive range of motion(PROM)of the affected knee of each group was evaluated by the rehabilitation function evaluation joint measure(F-JDC).(2)Morphological observation:morphological changes of chondrocytes were observed by HE staining.(3)Detection of the stress area pressure of the cartilage contact surface.(4)The biomechanical properties of the cartilage with nanoindentation technique.Results:(1)After the modeling,the joint activity of the model group decreased significantly,and there was a significant difference compared with the normal group(P<0.01).The Lequesne MG scores in the model group,the acupotomy group and the electric-acupuncture group were significantly increased,and there was a significant difference compared with the normal group(P<0.01).After treatment,the activity of joints in the acupotomy group and EA group increased significantly,which was significantly different from that in the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the Lequesne MG score in the acupotomy group and EA group decreased,which was significantly different from that in the model group(P<0.01).(2)HE staining:in the blank group rabbit knee joint cartilage structure was integrity with clear layer,transitional layer,radiation layer and calcified layer were visible with normal thickness,cartilage surface is smooth and continuous,cartilage cells were of normal morphology,uniform arrangement,tidal line was clear and complete,no cartilage cell clustering phenomenon,no pannus formation.The model group cartilage integrity was damaged,with disorder and thinner level,superficial layers of cartilage and cartilage exfoliative cells decreased,slit into the radiation layer,the local cluster phenomenon appeared,cartilage matrix staining decreased slightly,the tide line was blurred or broken,cartilage showed a small vascular pannus formation.The Acupotomy group cartilage structure was clear,with visible transitional layer,radiation layer,calcified layer,surface layer of cartilage matrix visible up,local surface cartilage cells arranged in disorder,radiation layer and cartilage chondrocytes arranged and perpendicular to the surface,cartilage matrix staining,the tide line is fuzzy,no pannus formation.The structure of electric-acupuncture group is basically intact,but the four layers are hard to distinguish.The thickness is basically normal,the proliferation of chondrocytes is diffuse,the arrangement is disorder,the cartilage matrix is moderately stained,the tidal line is blurred,the boundary of cartilage layer and subchondral bone layer is not clear,and no pannus is generated.(3)Compared with the blank group,the contact surface area of pressure and intensity of pressure of rabbits knee joint in model group decreased(P=0.173;P=0.147);compared with the model group,the contact surface pressure and pressure force area increased in acupotomy group(P=0.591;P=0.338);compared with the model group,the value increased in electric-acupuncture group(P=0.899;P=0.924).(4)?The frequency of 45Hz,compared with the blank group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient of model group decreased(P=0.292;P=0.376;P=0.98);after acupotomy treatment the loss modulus increased(P=0.664),the damping coefficient increased significantly(P=0.001);compared with the model group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage modulus of EA group increased(P=0.531).The frequency of 45Hz,compared with the blank group,in the model group knee tibia cartilage model storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient decreased(P=0.698;P=0.448;P=0.564),after acupotomy treatment the damping coefficient was increased(P=0.870);after EA treatment,storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient increased(P=0.649;P=0.468;P=0.315)?The frequency of 17.374Hz,compared with the blank group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient of the model group decreased(P=0.148;P=0.102;P=0.295);after acupotomy treatment the loss modulus increased(P=0.292);compared with the model group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage and loss modulus of EA group increased(P=0.292,p=0.469).The frequency of 17.374Hz,compared with the blank group,in model group knee tibia cartilage model storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient decreased(P=0.674;P=0.394;P=0.064);after EA treatment,storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient increased(P=0.190;P=0.158;P=0.316)?The frequency of 6.708Hz,compared with the blank group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient of model group decreased(P=0.147;P=0.085;P=0.201);after acupotomy treatment the storage modulus increased(P=0.736);compared with the model group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage modulus of EA group increased(P=0.267).The frequency of 6.708Hz,compared with the blank group,in model group knee tibia cartilage model loss modulus and damping coefficient decreased(P=0.698;P=0.215;P=0.016),after acupotomy treatment the damping coefficient was increased(P=0.870);after EA treatment,storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient increased(P=0.699;P=0.149;P=0.123)?The frequency of 2.59Hz,compared with the blank group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient of model group decreased(P=0.153;P=0.051;P=0.356);after acupotomy treatment the storage modulus increased(P=0.678);compared with the model group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage modulus of EA group increased(P=0.223).The frequency of 2.59Hz,compared with the blank group,in model group knee tibia cartilage model loss modulus and damping coefficient decreased(P=0.698;P=0.137;P=0.009),after acupotomy treatment the damping coefficient was increased(P=0.616);after EA treatment,storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient increased(P=0.166;P=0.099;P=0.311)?The frequency of 1Hz,compared with the blank group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient of model group decreased(P=0.094;P=0.020;P=0.049);after acupotomy treatment the storage modulus increased(P=0.406);compared with the model group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage and loss modulus of EA group increased(P=0.092,P=0.357).The frequency of 1Hz,compared with the blank group,in model group knee tibia cartilage model loss modulus and damping coefficient decreased(P=0.638;P=0.242;P=0.002),after acupotomy treatment the damping coefficient was increased(P=0.071);after EA treatment,storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient increased(P=0.203;P=0.045;P=0.001)(6)Mean value:compared with the blank group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient of model group decreased(P=0.144,P=0.062,P=0.130);after acupotomy treatment the storage and loss modulus and damping coefficient increased(P=0.842,P=0.718,P=0.374);compared with the model group,rabbit knee joint femur cartilage storage and loss modulus of EA group increased(P=0.243,P=0.474).Compared with the blank group,in model group knee tibia cartilage model loss modulus and damping coefficient decreased(P=0.07,P=0.002),after acupotomy treatment the damping coefficient was increased(P= 0.071);after EA treatment,storage modulus,loss modulus and damping coefficient increased(P=0.379,P=0.188,P=0.001)Conclusion:After the model,the behavior,pathology and the viscoelasticity of articular cartilage were changed.The decrease of the viscoelasticity of the cartilage reflects the decline in the ability of cartilage to storage and dissipate elastic energy,causing joint stress disorder and ultimately aggravating the degree of KOA.After acupotomy or electric-acupuncture,the behavior and pathology were improved significantly,and the modulus of elasticity recovered.The acupotomy can restore the ability of storing and dissipating elastic energy to a certain extent,so that the state of KOA stress disorder is improved,and finally the therapeutic effect is achieved. |
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