Investigation On Rural Non-point Source Pollution In Wanzhou District

The primary task is to strengthen the ecological conservation and protection in the "two wings" area of Chongqing.Wanzhou is located in the Northeast Ecological Conservation Development Zone of Chongqing,the Yangtze River across the East and West,the secondary rivers criss-crossing,rich in water resources.However,with the rapid development of rural economy and society,the problem of non-point source pollution in rural areas of Wanzhou has been very prominent.It is urgent to strengthen the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in rural areas of Wanzhou.Based on the Chongqing statistical yearbook of Wanzhou and the survey data of Changling,Fenshui,Yujia,Danzi,Tailong and Xintian town,this paper analyzes the overall situation of non-point source pollution in Wanzhou countryside,the characteristics of farmer's production and living behavior,the construction of environmental protection infrastructure such as township sewage treatment.The main conclusions are as follows:First,the total discharge of non-point source pollutants in Wanzhou area are huge and difficult to reduce in the short term.Through the estimation of the situation of non-point source pollution in Wanzhou countryside,the total amount of excess pesticide in Wanzhou District reached more than 923.2 tons in 2015.The COD,TN and TP were up to 29822.5tons,5,630.7 tons and 2,728.8 tons respectively.The annual output of rural solid waste was about 425,000 tons.According to the relevant literature research results and the Kuznets inverted U-shaped curve principle,with the rapid development of rural economy at the same time,especially the economic crop,the vigorous development of aquaculture and rural residents living standards continue to improve,the total emissions of non-point source pollutant in Wanzhou will continue to grow.Second,farmers production and living behavior is the root cause of rural non-point source pollution.The survey found that farmers in Wanzhou District there are a lot of mistakes or unreasonable behavior in the production and life behavior.For example,farmers mistakenly believe that fertilizer application and output is proportional to the relationship between the total amount of fertilizer applied increased year by year;crop straw recycling is not sufficient,a large number of local straw burning;livestock and poultry manure storage facilities are backward,livestock and poultry manure random phenomenon;garbage discarded garbage village phenomenon is more prominent,rain has become the rapid removal of garbage"effective" and "convenient".Third,the rural environmental protection facilities last mile need to be resolved.The survey found that in recent years,Wanzhou rural environmental protection facilities have speed up to be constructed,and achieved full coverage in all towns and villages with the township sewage treatment plant and garbage collection station.The township sewage treatment plants,garbage collection and transportation station have the ability of living garbage,sewage treatment,but the majority of the sewage treatment plant two or three level network is not complete,non town rural garbage tank,trash and other facilities.The low rate of sewage collection,sewage treatment plants,garbage collection and transportation system efficiency has not been effectively play.Fourth,the rural non-point source pollution prevention and control system is not perfect.From the perspective of the District of Wanzhou,due to various reasons,the characteristics of the movement of rural non-point source pollution prevention and control,system and mechanism of the symbol system is not.perfect,the prevention and control of rural non-point source pollution prevention and control system,prevention and control measures of non-point source pollution is mainly based on district level department documents,the lack of planning or implementation of the system.In summary,on the basis of a lot reading of literatures,according to experts and scholars on the rural non-point source pollution prevention and control,combined with the actual situation of Wanzhou,this paper concluded that farmers are one of the most important factors to measure the success or failure,must be in the care of the interests of the farmers,and actively guide farmers to participate in the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in rural areas.To promote the work of the rural non-point source pollution prevention and control comprehensively and effectively,it' s suggested that Wanzhou start from the following aspects:First,we should establish and improve the rural non-point source pollution prevention and control system.The "rural non-point source pollution control measures" and "rural non-point source pollution prevention and control plan" must be proposed as soon as possible,aimed to establish and improve the system of rural non-point source pollution prevention and control,supervision and assessment and reward punishment mechanism.It's also called for the city to speed up the prevention and control of rural non-point source pollution related laws or regulations.Second,the source control of non-point source pollution in rural areas must be strengthened.For example:increase the region's chemical fertilizers,pesticides and other agricultural products quality monitoring and supervision,strictly prohibit high pollution and high emissions of chemical fertilizer products into the market,prohibit overall sales and the use of highly toxic,high residue pesticide,promote biodegradable plastic film etc..Speed up the closure and removal of all livestock and poultry breeding areas and restrict some areas of livestock and poultry breeding,livestock and poultry farms to accelerate the comprehensive utilization of waste and pollution control facilities.Increase the investigation of the unqualified aquaculture and a comprehensive ban on reservoirs,rivers and other places cage fish or feeding fish.To optimize the adjustment of "town and township collection,district transport disposal" model,the establishment of garbage "farmer classification,village collection,town and township transport,district level" four garbage disposal mode should be explored.Third,guide the production and living of rural residents.The fundamental control of non-point source pollution in rural areas is the farmers,to strengthen the publicity and education of ecological civilization,to enhance people's awareness of the rule of law to protect the ecological environment;to strengthen agricultural production skills training,to harm and prevention measures of farmers promote rural non-point source pollution,guide the rural scientific and reasonable application of pesticides and fertilizers.Fourth,increase investment in rural non-point source pollution prevention and control.Speed up the construction of rural residential areas to promote the concentration of rural residents living.To further increase the proportion of rural financial capital investment,promote the development of rural infrastructure,especially the development of environmental protection infrastructure,an appropriate increase in rural frontline workers financial subsidies.To accelerate the improvement of pollution treatment plant has been built two or three level network construction and village garbage collection pool construction,realize the network popularization,the farmers have 500 meters of garbage collection pool.Fifth,improve the ability of environmental monitoring.Further promote the construction of environmental monitoring standardization and improve the District,departments and township streets,four village level environmental monitoring network;realize grid management full coverage,to promote the construction of township streets environmental organization,standardization,implementation of the special environmental protection agencies and professional personnel of township full coverage.Strengthen the environmental monitoring facilities in towns and villages of the street and a reasonable set of water and soil monitoring stations,rural environmental monitoring normalization should be achieved.