| In morden socity, chemcal antiseptic substance has been widely used and deeply threaten the health of people. The reserches of natural antiseptic substance has become a urgency duty. Many reserchers aimed the flavinoides which had been found to be useful in antiseptic in Malus species, especially in M. doumeri. But almost no people reported the chemical components and antibacteriostasis of non flavinoides volatile materials in Malus. Thus, it was designed to test the antiseptic characters of M. doumeri and other several species of Malus, and then the volatile materials were analysed by GC-MS. The results were following:(1) Extracts of Malus doumeri could effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and the inhibition effect on bacteria was better than the inhibition effect on fungi. The anticorrosive effect of Malus doumeri from Zhejiang Province was the best. The inhibition rate on Aspergillus niger was 93.13%, and 62.40% on Mucor, 100% on Staphylococcus aureus, 97.88% on Escherichia coli. The inhibition rate of samples from Jiangxi Province on Aspergillus niger was 38.70%,-7.48% on Mucor, in other words, it would improve the growth of Mucor, and 100% inhibiting on Staphylococcus aureus, and 99.94% on Escherichia coli.(2)Material compositions of Malus doumeri were somewhat different between various distribution areas, and were also varied when treated by different temprature. The anticorrosive effect of leaves extraction of Malus doumeri from four distribution areas was certain different. When extracted with boiling water(100?), the anticorrosive effect of samples from Zhejiang Province was best. The next was that from Jiangxi Province, and then Wuyi Mountain of Fujian Province, and that of Guangdong Province was the lowest. When extracted with normal temperature water, the anticorrosive effect range was Jiangxi >Zhejiang>Wuyi Mountain>Guangdong. Other species of Malus and the rest materials were showed to be with the antibacterial characters, but variously lower than M. doumeri.(3) As the results of GC-MS, in leaves extraction of Malus doumeri from Zhejiang, Palmitic acid was the most abundant for 9.49% of the total; Eicosane is the second abundant, 7.41%; Squalene accounting was 6.8%; Pinane content was 3.80%; Stearic acid content, 3.63%. In leaves extraction of Malus doumeri from Jiangxi, 1,6-Anhydro-?-D-glucopyranose is the most abundant for 14.28% of the total; Palmitic acid is the second, 6.88%; 2-Phenylpropionic acid was 6.41%; Beta sitosterol or phytosterols content of 5.33%. The most abundant in leaves extraction of Malus riwaensis is 1-(2-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-on, 16.51% of the total; followed by Eicosane, accounting for 7.61%; then 2-Phenylpropionic acid, accounting for 6.26%; palmitic acid 6.04% and Pinane3.71%. The most abundant in leaves extraction of Malus hupehensis(Pamp.) Rehd. var. mengshanensis G. Z. Qianwer e 1-(2-(beta-DGlucopyranosyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-on, 32.85% of the total; followed by 2-Phenylpropionic acid, accounting for7.06%; then 6-Bromohexanoic acid, accounting for 3.71%; Methyl-alpha-D-furan glycoside, 6.04 %; Palmitic acid, 3.71 %. 1-(2-(beta-DGlucopyranosyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-on is the most abundant in leaves extraction of Malus kansuensis, accounting for 23.14%;Followed by 4-hydroxy benzene methyl acetate, accounting for6.58%;Squalene accounting for 5.17%; Palmitic acid 4.26%;(1r)-(+)- CIS pinane 3.82%. 53.77% of the compositions of M. doumeri from Zhejiang Province, and 54.1% of those from Jiangxi Province was same as other samples. 62.78% of the compositions of Riwa crabapple was same as other plants. And those of M. hupehensis(Pamp) Rehd. var. mengshanensis G. Z. Qian had 59.24%, while in M. kansuensis 62.01% the same as other plants. Therefore, they have the same function of different malus plants.(4)Some components were the same in five species involved in this experiment. Such as: 1-(2-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-o n, 7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl-4-(2-methyloxiranyl)-, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, Eicosane, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-HeptamethyltrisiloxaNe, Squalene, and so on. All of them were extracted from five kinds of plant leaves, which could be identification basis in Malus.(5) Malus doumeri from Zhejiang and Jiangxi can both inhibit fungus, but the effect was visiable differen between them, the former was more remarkable than the latter. But the gap of effect is not significant on bacteria growth inhibition. It illustrated that some inhibiting fungal materials are from both of the same compositions, some are from materials which are present in Malus doumeri from Zhejiang, not in Malus doumeri from Jiangxi. The composition of inhibited on bacteria is mainly components which are present in Malus doumeri from Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Malus riwaensis has some ability on inhibiting the fungus, though it was less significant than Malus doumeri. But it obviously t improved growth of bacteria. It could be inferred that the inhibiting fungal materials exist ed both in Malus riwaensis and Malus doumeri, while some materials which existed in Malus riwaensis instead of Malus doumeri could promove the growth of the bacteria.There are dl-Glyceraldehyde,2-Deoxy-D-galactose, dl-Glyceraldehyde, Galacto-heptulose, Benzaldiacetate,3,4-dimethyl-Phenol,Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane,2,6,6-trimethyl-,n-Hexadecanoic, Phytol,(1.alpha.,2.beta.,5.alpha.),IsosorbideDinitrate,D-Allose,squaleneacid,2-Methyl-6-(5-methyl-2-thiazolin-2-ylamino)pyridine,4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone,Tetradecanoicacid,N-(3-methylp henyl)-2-acetoxy-Acetamide,4-ethyl-Pyridine,Cyclopropanecarboxylicacid,3-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-o xo-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-,2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-ylester,[1R-[1.alpha.[S*(Z)],3.beta.(E)]]-,Mandelamide, Isoaromadendrene epoxide et al. Those are detected the first time in malus plants. Isoaromadendrene epoxide is existed in Malus riwaensis and Malus kansuensis, not existed in Malus doumeri. The results of this experiment provided a new direction and more informations for the taxonomic study of Malus. |
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