| In the 17 th century Europe in which Robert Hooke was located,people had a major change in their way to know nature.At that time,natural philosophers tried to get rid of the Aristotelian paradigm and explore nature using experiments,corpuscularism,and natural mathematics.These characteristics and factors are revealed in the discovery process of Hooke's law.This paper examines the history of Hooke's Law from multiple angles,aims to clarify the discovery process and background of Hooke's Law,and focuses on the following issues: First,What was the degree of recognition of the experimental program at the time? Using Hooke's law as a case,we can see some of the concepts that are pre-established in the experiment.Second,What role does the corpuscularism play in the exploration of Hooke's law?Third,this paper teases out the relationship between Hooke's law and the spring watch.Fourth,from the perspective of external history,we can see how a variety of factors influence scientific practice.This paper examines the original thesis and related works of Hooke's Law,the records of Sprat's "History of the Royal Society",some letters of scholars at that time,and the newly discovered "Hooke folio" in 2006,and contacts the background of the time.The following main conclusions are drawn:(1)The relationship between Hooke's law and experiments,corpuscularism,and spring watches: Hooke had extensive contact with springs in the development of watches,and in addition inspired by Boyle's gas law,he turned his attention to widespread elastic phenomenon in nature.Through experiments,various materials were explored and Hooke's law was summed up.And the reason behind the elasticity phenomenon was explained by corpuscularism.(2)In the case of Hooke's law,the role of experiments is both exploratory and verifiable.There are also some presupposed ideas behind this experimental concept:When humans fall,reason is no longer reliable,and sensory abilities are also reduced.Experiments are required to interrogate nature.Springs are artificial objects,reflecting the object of scientific research is no longer limited to "natural nature",and extended to "artificial nature".Hooke also uses the literary technology(detailed report,superb drawing)and material technology(scientific instrument)to further assist theexperiment.(3)Under the discipline of the experiment,Hooke gradually formed his own corpuscularism characterized by the principle of congruity and vibration theory,and used corpuscularism to explain the phenomenon of elasticity.However,Hooke had a jump in his reasoning,that is,jumped from the "total length-inverse relationship" directly to the "stretch-proportional relationship." This paper believes that Hooke's jump reflects that he still pays less attention to the dominance of equations and quantity relations in explaining natural phenomena.(4)In the case of Hooke's law,there is an interactive relationship between experiments and corpuscularism.On the one hand,the experiment disciplined corpuscularism,which restricted the arbitrariness of corpuscularism in the mind.The phenomenon revealed by the new experiment promoted the revision and improvement of corpuscularism.On the other hand,corpuscularism provides a paradigmatic guide for experiments.(5)Hooke did not apply the law of elasticity to the spring watch,but instead developed the Hooke's law for the development of the spring watch.In more abstract terms,in this case,there is no science(Hooke's law)based technology(spring watch),but technology has spawned scientific discoveries.(6)Hooke did invent a spring-adjusted watch before 1675,but the shape of the spring was uncertain.The missing information in 1668 and 1670 may have been deliberately committed by the current secretary,Oldenburg,but his motivation is unknown.Hooke's insistence on the fight for priority and access to recognition is full of drama,from which we see how many factors wrestle with scientific practice. |
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