Gaussian Sum-based Filtering For Hypersonic Object Tracking From Two Geosynchronous Satellites

Passive location and tracking technology is the core of modern electronic warfare.It intercepts the electromagnetic wave signals emitted by various radiation sources from ground,sea,air and space.Thus,it realizes the positioning process of the radiation source.The space is a poised development of an important strategic space,especially near spacecraft(ie:hypersonic aircraft).It has a high speed,and can respond to anything on the global in a short time.It also has penetration ability,high survivability and etc.Therefore,The emergence of hypersonic vehicles put forward new challenges to aerial warning and defense.This paper considers tracking a cruising hypersonic object with known altitude using the time difference of arrival(TDOA)and frequency difference of arrival(FDOA)measurements obtained at two geosynchronous satellites.The main research work is as follows:According to the nonlinear motion characteristics of a cruising hypersonic target under the WGS-84 ellipsoidal Earth model,the paper considers totranform the three-dimensional space scene into a two-dimensional motion state model,and establishes its discrete-time motion state equation.Then,we derived the Cramer–Rao Lower Bound based on the target motion equation and measurement equation,and studied the influence of different factors on CRLB by experimental simulation.The simulation results show that,the value of FDOA has no significant effect on the CRLB,while the TDOA,the velocity and the direction of motion have great influence on the CRLB.This paper proposes A new tracking algorithm referred to as GMM-Alternative Extennded kalman Filter(GMM-AEKF)based on Gaussian mixture model.The algorithm includes a new method based on dichotomy that can yield a more uniform GMM representation of the TDOA measurement and further improve the estimation performance of the algorithm.It also includes the alternative extended Kalman filter(AEKF)for FDOA track update,and a Kullback-Leibler(KL)divergence-based Gaussian component management scheme.The management method effectively suppreses the exponential growth of Gaussian components,and keeps the computational complexity of the algorithm constant.Finally,the tracking performance of three algorithms including GMM-AEKF,GMM-EKF and GS-5CKF,are compared by Monte Carlo simulation.Simulation results reveal that GMM-AEKF is shown to be able to converge faster,which makes it more suitable for hypersonic object tracking other state-of-art benchmarks.In addition,the paper analyzes the influence of various factors for the tracking performance of GMM-AEKF algorithm.