| As a particularly important leader in the French Revolution,Sieyes had a profound influence on the process of the French Revolution and the choice of the modern French democratic road.As a third-class citizen,Sieyes suffered unfair treatment as a third grade in his reading and working life.He was abhorrent to the privileged class.On the eve of the revolution,the reconvening of the three session changed his trajectory,and he was elected the third grade representative.From then on,it began its ups and downs in the political arena.He inherited the path of social contract by Hobbes,Rock and Rousseau,and based on this,he launched his own discourse on representative government.Rousseau emphasizes the importance of the identity of the people and regards it as the highest guiding principle,which can be carried out accurately and effectively for the sake of public meaning,and even forces individuals to give up individual differences.Sieyes based on Rousseau’s method and improved it according to his political needs.He draws up the nation as a whole,emphasizing the general will and universal interests of the people,that is,the will and interests of most people,and that any person who has the will and interests contrary to it does not belong to the category of the national.Thus,on the basis of acknowledging the limited identity of the people,Jess put forward his representative theory.It is precisely the limited identity of the people that makes the representative system possible.With regard to the election of Representatives,Sieyes stressed that the privileges owned by the privileged class separated them from the third level,and they maintained special interests,not universal interests,and therefore,the privileged class should be excluded from the scope of the people.Therefore,the privileged class should not act as the representative of the people.The third level represents the universal will and general interest of the nation,and the representative of the people must come from the third level.In addition,Jess proposed the distinction between the special representative and the ordinary representative.The special representative is not bound by the constitution.Their authority is to constitute the Constitution on behalf of the people.Once the completion of the constitution is completed,the special representative will be dissolved and no longer be a general representative or a position in the executive branch.Ordinary representatives exist after the constitution is made,and their powers are exercising their political power on behalf of the people in accordance with the constitution.Unlike the special representative,the political activities of ordinary representatives are bound by the constitution,and they must be engaged in political activities in accordance with the rules laid down by the constitution.Sieyes’s theory of representation provides valuable theoretical suggestions for the construction of the representative system.However,its theoretical views on the limited identity of the people obviously weaken the feasibility of its representative theory. |
