Beijing Government's Participation In The International Labor Conventions In The Republican Era

The Beijing Government in the Republican Era began to participate in International Labor Conventions.The development of the International Labor Convention and the numerous urging of international community are an important impetus.The domestic labor problem was concentrated,the workers' movement was high,and the improvement of the labor situation through participation in the Convention became the inevitable problem.Moreover,the Beijing Government request to amend and abolish the unequal treaties,so the unequal treaties relationship between China and foreign gradually began to shake,which constitutes in another background.The Beijing Government in the Republican Era received the terms of labor in the postwar peace treaty,acceded to the Convention on the Prohibition of the use of white(yellow)phosphorus in matches,and discussed other areas of International Labor Conventions or proposals in various degree,covering the right to assembly and association,working hours and breaks,minimum age,preferential treatment for women,social security.The Chinese representative also attempted to express views in the International Labor Conference and to resist the adverse areas of China.In the process of discussion,acceptance and accession the convention or labor related terms,the Beijing Government is active In the establishment of labor organization and in the formulation of labor laws.In terms of organizational settings,it set up International Labor Affairs Discussion Committee,which belonging to the Ministry of agriculture,in the Ministry of the interior,the Ministry of agriculture and commerce,the Ministry of transportation set up the labor administrative authorities individually;Besides,it established the International Labor Representative Office,some international labor affairs have been carried out.In terms of labor legislation,according to the International Labor Conventions and Recommendations,the government formulated a series of labor laws and regulations to promote the legal development of labor protection in China,such as the factory inspections,the right to assembly and association,working hours and breaks,protection of child labor and preferential treatment for women workers,social security.As regards the effect and influence of the Beijing Government' participation in the International Labor Conventions,the government started the process of the participation in International Labor Conventions,promoted the integration of the domestic labor system with international labor standards,and protected the workers' human rights,at the same time enhanced the Chinese people' labor standard consciousness,which promoting the domestic development of the labor movement.However,as the international labor standard in China is not very feasible,coupled with the fetters of the unequal treaty,the turbulent politics and the resistance of labor to labor laws in China,the Beijing Government'participation in the labor convention is still insufficient.Especially the subjective consciousness is not strong to protect the rights of workers,the number of approved international labor conventions is small,domestic labor administrative authorities are not unified,the implementation effect of the labor laws is not very ideal.