A Study On The Plurality Problem Of Officials Of Lu In The Song Dynasty

The main road institutions of the Song Dynasty,including the transfer of the Secretary(Cao),mention the Department of Criminal Justice(Xian),to mention Changping tea salt(Cang),to appease the Secretary(Shuai)four institutions.In the four road-level institutions,the transfer to set up the earliest,in almost swept all the way the size of affairs,as the local top management,the power gradually for his Secretary of the invasion;mention of the Division since the birth,And then limit the increase in the other tasks,especially the collection of taxes,the formation of the "second levy system";proposed Changping Division due to the late Northern Song Dynasty caused by the change of political,The fate is quite complicated,with the final merger with the tea for the agency's ultimate destination;appease the Division began to set up in the border,its function is mainly military nature,to the Southern Song Dynasty all the way,at first it is the most important management Institutions,after the status is rapidly declining.With the evolution of the political history of the Song Dynasty,the status and functions of these institutions have also changed,but the power division and functional cross,it is the Song Dynasty government has been trying to maintain the basic principles.At the same time,local authorities often expand their power through various forms of "Plurality".According to the "Plurality appointment is institutionalized" and "institutional independence" as the standard,the Plurality officials can be divided into "institutionalized on-institutionalized Plurality" and "job \ job Plurality" Situation,these types of Plurality in varying degrees for the smooth play a role in local governance;road-level officials also exist in a variety of different Plurality categories,such as road-level officials of each other,supervisors and county,Plurality military,etc.Plurality background,different political effects are different.After comparing the differences between the two Songs,we can find that the Plurality of the Northern Song Dynasty is usually part of the institutionalization and Plurality job,the Plurality form is more regular,and the overall number is less than the Southern Song Dynasty.The non-institutionalized Plurality and part-On the more "arbitrary".In fact,the frequencyand type of Plurality phenomenon of the class officials in the Song Dynasty largely depends on the social stability of the Song Dynasty.In addition,the different officials of the incumbent,the location of the official office officials will have a different Plurality impact.For a variety of considerations,there will be some avoidance between Plurality,but this avoidance is sometimes broken by other factors.The Plurality officials have played an important historical role in provincial officials' festivals and streamlining,and they can play a coordinating role between different departments in order to eliminate the externalities of the institutions,reduce the transmission of information and Implementation costs,improve the "accuracy" of the administration,the presence of moderately Plurality jobs,and the flexibility to deal with emergencies or extraordinary events.But the Plurality too many will also cause some negative effects: First,undermine the local officials to monitor and control the system design intention;Second,the officials caused excessive administrative burden,affecting the efficiency of job performance;Third,high-level Plurality phenomenon The development expanded local power and undermined centralization.