The Research Of The Reciprocal Verbs In Modern Chinese

In modern Chinese,reciprocal verbs refer to the action behaviors that need two or more than two participants to participate in,and these participants are independence and symmetrical in syntax.Originally,reciprocal verbs was a special sub-categories of verbs that separated from sematical.It have special expressions in the syntactic.Reciprocal verbs require that two or more than two participants in the action be present,and the participants in the plural may have multiple expressions.For some reciprocal verbs in which one participant can be hidden,and some can not;Some reciprocal verbs can put a target after the verb,and some can not;Some reciprocal verbs can put one of the participants after the verb,and some can not.The particularity of the reciprocal verbs makes it have special performance on the syntax,semantics and pragmatics.Therefore,it is of great significance for the further research on the reciprocal verb.The two concepts of reciprocal meaning and common meaning are both[+participant plural][+symmetry] in semantic features.However,the participants in reciprocal meaning are independent and interactive,and the participants in common meaning are integral and collaborative.A part of the reciprocal verbs are Lihe word.Between the morphemes,can insert representing quantitative features,interrogative pronouns,modifiers,one of the objects involved in action behavior,etc.On the basis of semantics,we determine the criteria for determining the reciprocal verb from the syntactic point of view.Fristly,the reciprocal verb enters the format a.N1 + gen/he + N2 + V +(N3)and the format b.SNs + V +(N3).And then,The transformation of the following two formulas,the basic semantics remain unchanged:Formula 1: a.N1 + gen/he + N2 + V +(N3)?N2 + gen/he + N1 + V +(N3)Formula 2: a.N1 + gen/he + N2 + V +(N3)?b.SNs + V +(N3)Based on this criterion,we exhaustively collected 586 reciprocal verbs in the Modern Chinese Dictionary(Seventh Edition)as the research object,carefully describing the five syntactic forms of reciprocal verbs: ? N1+gen+N2+V;?N1+gen+N2+V+N3;? Ns+V(+N3);? N1+V+N2;? N1/N2+V.And explain the grammatical nature of "he,gen,tong,yu" in reciprocal verbs setences.In addition to the syntactic formalism,we also discuss co-occurrence of reciprocal verbs and co-occurrence of reciprocal verbs with other components in reciprocal verbs;and the asymmetry among multiple participants due to one of the participate are appear in defferent position.The asymmetry sequence is characterized by the III> I II>IV> V,with the highest degree of symmetry for III and the highest degree of asymmetry for V.Finally,we discuss the relationship between reciprocal verbs and two types of adverbs: "huxiang" and "gongtong",mainly point out the relationship in the word structure,co-occurrence,the relationship between the differentiation of ambiguous sentences.In addition,predicate is the most important grammatical function for reciprocal verb,but at the same time it can be used as adverbial.Some syntactic functions of some reciprocal verbs are shifting from predicate to adverbial.