Bullying Among Middle School Students And The Establishment Of Bullying Signal Characteristics Questionnaire

In recent years,more and more school bullying events happened,which caused concerns and thinking of the whole society.Dan Olweus,an expert on bullying,argued that when a student is repeatedly subjected to negative behavior by one or more students over time,then he is bullied.There is power imbalance on both sides,and it is hard for bullied student to protect themselves.Bullying has three typical characteristics: violent behavior or intentional injury behavior,long-term and repetitive,and power asymmetry between interpersonal relationships.The United States and other developed countries have studied school bullying for a long time.The prevalence and harm of bullying have a lot of researchs to confirm and support.Previous studies have found that school bullying has been associated with the risk of depression,anxiety,suicide,physical complaints and adolescent behavioral problems.Domestic studies have found that about 20% or more of young people are involved in school bullying.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the problem of bullying.How to effectively measure and evaluate school bullying has always been one of the basic tasks in this field.There are anonymous questionnaire method,peer nomination method,teacher nomination method and interview method.One of the most widely used is the anonymous questionnaire.Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire is the most commonly used tool in bullying research.The Chinese version of the Olweus bullying questionnaire was revised in 1999 and verified its reliability.This questionnaire is for the behavior of the bullying to assess the behavior.But the bullying participants will consciously exclude and conceal bullying behavior,it may be possible to ignore a lot of bullying participants.This study is divided into two parts.Study One used a revised version of the "Olweus Bullying Questionnaire" to investigate a total of 896 junior high school students,grade from 6 to 8,in two rural secondary schools in Sichuan and Chongqing.The results showed that 41.0% students were involved in school bullying,including 24.8% victims,4.4% bullies,and 11.8% bully-victims.Gender?left-behind or not and only-child or not are the influencing factor of school bullying.65.2% of the respondents believe that school bullying will have a negative impact on their growth.When asked how many students in the class are bullies or victims,the percentage of six or more bullies or victims is 30.9% and 32.7% respectively.In order to improve the effectiveness of the identification of participants in the bully,the study of the School Bullying Signal Characteristics Questionnaire was developed by examining the previous literature,discussing with experts,and semi-structured interviews.Behavioral performance,academic performance and emotional state are three factors of the questionnaire.The critical ratio,discriminant index and exploratory factor analysis were carried outon the questionnaire.The items were picked according to the criteria.Finally,16 items are ensured.The cumulative contribution rate of three factors was 50.999%.We used the self-made Bullying Signal Characteristic Questionnaire to measure 280 junior middle school students.The factor analysis of the questionnaire is confirmed.The results showed that the fitting degree index was good.The internal coefficient consistency of the formal questionnaire reached 0.870.So the questionnaire has good reliability and validity,and can be used to measure the school bullying signal characteristics.Conclusions:(1)41.0% of the respondents were involved in school bullying,the proportion of victim/bully/bully-victim was 24.8%,4.4% and 11.8%.(2)Gender,left-behind or not and only-child or not are the influencing factor of school bullying.(3)The attitude of the bullies in dealing with bullying is negative.(4)The school has insufficient intervention and prevention activities for school bullying.(5)Bullying Signal Characteristic Questionnaire is composed of three dimensions: behavioral performance,emotional state and academic performance.(6)Bullying Signal Characteristic Questionnaire has good reliability and validity and it can be used as a measurement tool.