A Corpus-based Study On Explicitation Of Logical Connectives In Chinese Version Of Nineteen Eighty-four

Nineteen Eighty-Four published by George Orwell in 1949,is one of the most classical dystopian literature,along with Brave New World by Aldous Huxley,and We by Eugene Zamiatin..The first Chinese version of Nineteen Eighty-Four is translated by Dong Leshan in 1979.It is regarded as the most significant Chinese translation introducing this masterpiece into Mainland China.Most scholars have studied this work from the perspectives of political statement,truth of the prediction,and feminism,but so far,there are a few scholars have analyzed the Chinese versions of Nineteen Eighty-Four from the standpoint of translation studies,not to mention explicitation.Explicitation is one of the translation universals with simplification and standardization.It is the process of producing information into the target language but implicit in the source language,which can be derived from the context or the situation.Since the late 1990 s,large-scale corpora have been used to carry out a series of explorations and studies on explicitation.Overall,most researches from both home and abroad focused on the verification of the very existence of explicitation,but few of them examine in the motivations for explicitation.Based on this background,this research selects Nineteen Eighty-Four and its Chinese translated version by Dong Leshan as the objects of study,and creates a small-scale parallel corpus by NLPIR,WordSmith,Word,ParaConc,EditPlus3 and other corpus software to conduct the qualitative and quantitative analysis of three main kinds of logical connectives(causal,adversative,and conditional connectives).The result suggests that there exists explicitation of logical connectives in Chinese translation,and the explicitation of the causal connectives is the most significant with the highest proportion,while that of the conditional connectives is in the lowest proportion.In addition,on the basis of the classification of explicitation by Klaudy,each of the logical connective is divided into three kinds of explicitation: obligatory,optional and pragmatic explicitation.The statistics and specific cases of explicitation are in detailed analysis.Obligatory explicitation is mostly triggered by the differences between English and Chinese language systems.It is the basic requirement for translator that the translated sentences should be grammatical.Optional explicitation is induced by language habits.Some grammatical sentences may be awkward and unnatural to be understood by target readers.Therefore,the translator has to elaborate the sentences efficiently and conveniently accepted by readers.Pragmatic explicitation is caused by the skopos of communication to overcome cultural barriers.Therefore,to take this further,the motivations for explicitation are language system factors,communicative and pragmatic factors,and the translator ?s factors.From the perspective of logical connectives,this study can offer a useful reference and more valid illustrations for explicitation in English-Chinese fictions and enrich the empirical study in corpus-based translation studies.But due to the limitations of space and time,only three kinds of logical connectives are analyzed in details,while more logical connectives need further study.Also,the classification of explicitation may probably be subjective.There is no specified and detailed methods to evaluate whether the translated sentence is in which category of explicitation and some translated sentences can both be optional or pragmatic explicitation.