Comparative Study Of The Special Grammatical Phenomena In Northwestern Dialect And Yuan Baihua

From the perspective of typology and language contact,this paper explored special grammatical phenomena in the "Northwestern dialect" and "Yuan baihua" by comparative method.The introduction part clarified that the objects of the study were“Mongolian Chinese(????)”“Haner Language”(“??”??)"spoken in Yuan Dynasty and Northwestern Contact Dialect popular in the junctional zone of Gansu and Qinghai province.The three languages are similar to each other in terms of the conditions and environment in the process of language contact,however,varied in the degree of language contact.We took the special grammatical phenomena in Mongolian Chinese as a frame of reference and examined the performances of the same phenomenon in other two languages respectively.The purpose of the study is to clarify the relationship among Mongolian Chinese,“Haner language”and the Northwest Contact Dialect,and examine the linguistics universals of various parameters as,the nature of Northwestern Contact Dialect and so on.The first chapter examined the special usages of the plural suffix "men(?/?)".We found that the usages of "men(?/?)" were basically the same in the Northwestern Contact Dialect and Mongolian Chinese.The hierarchical sequence of acceptability of the suffixes "men" is:Inanimate nouns> Demonstrative pronouns / VP+de / Coordinate nouns> Numeral phrases."men(?/?)" in the Northwest Contact Dialect is a more morphological plural mark.In the second chapter,we studied the category of semantic case of the three languages.The Mongolian Chinese is mostly marked with locative words,and the Northwestern Contact Dialect also has a relatively complete case system.In contrast,the case marks in the Northwest Contact Dialect were more grammatical than those of Mongolian Chinese.The hierarchical sequence of semantic cases that are easy to be influenced in the process of language contact was:Patient/Instrumental/Locative > Dative/ Comitative/Source >Comparative.The third chapter examined the word order of the three languages.Both Northwest Contact Dialect and Mongolian Chinese are with the tendency to show OV-type characteristics in seven word order parameters.However,the "Haner Language" tends to show VO-type characteristics.The fourth chapter examined the special usages of "zhe(?)","he(?)","you(?)",other verbs and postpositional auxiliary words in the Mongolian Chinese.In the Northwest Contact Dialect,except for the specific characters it used,the two languages are almost the same when expressing the same grammatical category." Haner Language" tends to use prepositional rather than postpositional auxiliary to express same meanings.The fifth chapter is conclusion part.Through the investigation of all 25 parameters,we found that the Northwest Contact Dialect was consistent with Mongolian Chinese in 23 parameters,which belong to the same type.The reason why Northwest Contact Dialect represented this appearance is similar to the Mongolian Chinese,which were both influenced by the underlying language of the Alta language.