The Causes Of Sde-dge's Grub-mtha' Ris-med In Nineteenth Century

This academic dissertation is a study of the causes of grub-mtha' ris-med tendency of sde-dge in nineteenth century.The grub-mtha' ris-med tendency of sde-dge in nineteenth century is very important in the history of Tibetan religion.By studying this issue,we can have a better understanding of the philosophy of Buddhism and sde-dge as a cultural center in khams,view the history of Tibetan religion in a more neutralistic way.This dissertation has six parts.The introduction contains the significance of the subject and the literature review.The first chapter is the overview of the grub-mtha' ris-med tendency of sde-dge in nineteenth century,including its representative figures and their biography,its characteristics and effects.The second chapter is a study of religious root-causes of the grub-mtha' ris-med tendency.The third chapter is the analysis of the effects from religious elites such as shes-rab 'od-zer and rig-'dzin 'jigs-med gling-pa.The fourth chapter is about how sde-dge's geographical conditions,political environment,and religious tradition motivate the grub-mtha' ris-med tendency.The last part is an analysis of the relationships between dge-lugs pa and grub-mtha' ris-med tendency.