On Problems Of Tea Adulteration And Counterfeit Of Sino-british Tea Trade In 19^th Century

Tea is the bulk commodity of Sino-British trade in the pre-modern society,is one of the important links between China and Britain in economic and social fields.But at the same time,the problem of tea adulteration and counterfeit is becoming more and more serious,it disturbs the normal market order and undermines the vital interests of consumers.In order to regulate the tea market and strike the industry of fake tea,The Chinese and British governments have adopted a series of rectification measures and gradually established a tea trade supervision system.This thesis systematically studies the problem of tea adulteration and counterfeit in the Sino-British tea trade in the 19^th century.This paper is divided into four parts,the specific content is as follows:The first part discusses the emergence and causes of adulteration and false in the tea trade between China and Britain in the 19^th century.This paper examines the adulteration and counterfeit in the Sino-British tea trade in the 19^th century,such as weight-bearing adulteration,dyeing adulteration,odorizing adulteration,second-hand tea.And also it analyzes the reasons for the adulteration of tea in China's export market and the British import market.The second part discusses the evolution and perfection of British tea trade supervision system in the 19^th century.Before the middle of the nineteenth century,Britain's regulation of tea trade was largely based on the regulation on anti-tea adulteration in the 18th century,but these regulations failed to effectively control the adulteration of tea.In the 19^th century,with the proliferation of food adulteration,the British community set off a vigorous anti-adulteration campaign,eventually gave birth to the British comprehensive food legislation.British has promulgated five food law in the latter half of the 19^th century:Adulteration of Food or Drink Acts,1860,Adulteration of Food,Drink and Drugs Acts Acts,1872,Sale of Food and Drugs Acts,1875,Sale of Food and Drugs Acts Amendment Acts,1879,Sale of Food and Drugs Acts,1899.The UK has gradually formed a food regulatory system which is dominated by local government affairs,where local authorities,public analysts and inspectors are the main performers.Tea trade to follow the comprehensive food law,Britain The British government has adopted a number of targeted measures against adulteration,and gradually improve the quality of tea supervision system.The third part discusses the rectification of China's tea industry in the 19^th century.The decline of Chinese tea trade in the late 19^th century caused people to pay great attention to tea quality problems.Under the calling of Chinese people who demand to ban on tea adulteration,the Chinese government takes measures to combat fake tea,rectify the tea market,strict anti-tea fake law,improve the tea trade system,and use the new legal system to improve the quality of tea.The fourth part of the article reflects the measure to deal with the problem of counterfeiting of tea in China and Britain,mainly including the characteristics and impact of British tea quality supervision system in the 19^th century,as well as the lack of China's tea regulatory system.This paper summarizes the three characteristics of British tea quality supervision system in the 19^th century:leading by the government,participating by the news media,scientific experts and other sectors of the community;with the food legislation as main basis and content;taking modern science and technology as the main means of supervision.The article believes that this regulatory system makes the British tea adulteration and counterfeit problem has been effectively controlled,it makes a positive impact on the development of Sino-British tea trade,the healthy development of the domestic tea market and the social life of the people,and it positively affects the United Kingdom and the world of tea and food regulatory system.the rectification of China's tea industry has also achieved some success in the 19^th century,However,compared with the United Kingdom,China's tea quality supervision system is inadequate:Lack of systematic national legal;The central government did not play a leading role,nor did it participate actively;Regulatory measures are not scientific and rigorous.These problems were gradually resolved in the period of the Republic of China.