The Study Of "Fuyao" In Notes And Novels In The Medium-term And Terminal-term Of The Ming Dynasty

In the early Ming Dynasty,the rulers issued a series of injunctions of clothing in order to consolidate power and restore ritual.The injunctions have strict rules about every aspects of clothing such as clothing styles,material,color,pattern,etc.It is the so-called "A man shall not wear other hierarchical clothing." Book of the Later Han:and Yu Fu Zhi.After the middle of Ming Dynasty,"fuyao" became very common because of political corruption,governmental deregulation,economic prosperity,Yangming's mind philosophy,the popularity of "crazy zen" or caused by a variety of reasons.This paper is on the basis of notes and novels of the later period of Ming dynasty to study the phenomenon of "fuyao",to show the overall condition of it at that time and to find interest of the folk culture.It will also explore the phenomenon of "fuyao" and literary expression of novel writing as well as dig the deeper cultural meaning behind them.The paper has four major parts.The first part will sketch the hierarchical dress rules in early Ming Dynasty.It will briefly introduce injunctions of clothing related to officials,common people,prostitutes and other kinds of people in three aspects which are pattern,material and color.Moreover,it will also discuss the conflict and new changes between"fuyao" and traditional clothing.The second part will analyze the phenomenon of "fuyao" in four aspects which are breaking rules and transgressing class,man and woman wearing informal clothes,the injunctions of clothing and retro clothing to show the reasons for various kinds of "fuyao" and cultural deposits.The third part will analyze litterateurs and actress who are two main groups of "fuyao" so as to show the whole image of them and dig deeply cultural value of the phenomenon.It will take Zhang Xianyi as the representative of litterateurs' "fuyao" and mainly introduce and analyze him to deplore spirit as well as thought connotation of the litterateurs.The forth part will mainly introduce characters having some factors of "fuyao" in novels of medium-term and terminal-term of the Ming Dynasty.It will make connections between the characters and "fuyao".