| Shame and guilt are not only self-conscious emotions,but also moral emotions which arise when comparing different situations or behavior dispositions according to the moral standard.The two emotions have both common ground and differences.Scholars used to focus on the internal psychological structures or phenomenological differences,however,there are lack of researches about behavior dispositions.In addition,people differ in their opinions on whether shame could induce the motivation to change the self.The aim of this study is to test whether shame could motive oneself to change and improve,and analyze the difference in effect if it happens.Experiment 1,a single-factor three-level between-subjects design,selected randomly 107 students(valid subjects: 90)from the Hunan University of Science and Technology as participants,and then they were randomly divided into three groups(Group of shame,guilt,and neutral),15 men and 15 women in each group.The results are as follows:(1)the shame group scores more greatly than the neutral group on the motivation to change the self,t(29)= 13.39,p<0.001.(2)the guilt group scores more greatly than the neutral group on the motivation to change the self,t(29)=10.07,p<0.001.(3)the shame group scores more greatlythan the guilty on the motivation to change the self,t(29)= 4.05,p<0.001.Experiment 2,2×3 between-subjects design,selected 213 participants(valid subjects: 180)out of 460 students in Hunan Normal University and Hunan University of Science and Technology through the way of questionnaires,and they then were randomly divided into six groups(shame in higher self-esteem group,guilty in higher self-esteem group,neutral emotion in higher self-esteem group,shame in lower self-esteem group,guilt in lower self-esteem group,neutral emotion in lower self-esteem group).The results are as follows:(1)higher self-esteem participants score more than the lower self-esteem group on the motivation to change the self,F(1,174)=36.25,p <0.001,η2p=0.17.(2)The main effect of emotion types is significant,F(2,174)=405.11,p<0.001,η2p=0.82,the shame group scores more greatly thanthe neutral group on the motivation to change the self,t(29)=25.42,p<0.001,the guilt group scores more greatly than the neutral group on the motivation to change the self,t(29)=20.48,p<0.001,the shame group scores more greatly than the guilt group on the motivation to change the self,t(29)=3.26,p<0.01.(3)There are interaction between the two emotions and self-esteem,F(2,174)=3.27,p<0.05,η2p=0.04.(4)For highself-esteem,in terms of the motivation to change the self,the shame group scores more greatly than the neutral group,t(29)=16.33,p<0.001,the guilt group scores more greatly than the neutral group,t(29)=17.71,p<0.001,the difference between the shame and guilt group is not significant,t(29)=1.67,p>0.05;on the other hand,for high self-esteem,in terms of the motivation to change the self,the shame group scores more greatly than the neutral group,t(29)=21.44,p<0.001,the guilt group scores more greatly than the neutral group,t(29)=19.43,p<0.001,the shame group scores more significantly than the neutral group,t(29)=3.03,p<0.01.(5)In the condition of shame,the participants of high self-esteem score more significantly than the low self-esteem,t(29)=2.66,p<0.05,in the condition of shame,the participants of high self-esteem score more greatly than the low self-esteem,t(29)=4.75,p<0.001,in the condition of neutral emotion,the participants of high self-esteem score more greatly than the low self-esteem,t(29)=4.55,p<0.001.The conclusion are as follows:(1)Both shame and guilty can effectively induce the motivation change the self,and shame can induce the motivation to change the self more effectively than guilty;(2)Individual of higher self-esteem level are easier to induce the motivation to change the self than the individual of lower self-esteem level;(3)There are interaction between individual self-esteem level and the two emotions on the motivation to change the self,.in addition,theindividual of high self-esteem could be motivated to change the self by shame and guilt,and there is no difference between them,while the individual of low self-esteem could be motivated to change the self by shame and guilt,and shame is more effective;both shame and guilt could motivate the individual to change the self,and individual of high self-esteem is easier to motivate to change the self. |
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