The Effect Of Self-control Feedback On Motor Learning

Purposes: In order to understand more about the details of self-control feedback on motor learning skills,the learning process and the effect of self-control feedback in different groups,four experiments were designed in this study.Methods and Results: We used the task of throwing darts with non-dominant hand.The results of experiment 1 showed that the learning effect of self-control feedback was significantly better than receiving feedback passively,p < 0.05.In order to explore the timing of self-control feedback,2 × 2 two-factor experiment was designed,participants were devided into four groups: before trial-self-control group,before trial-yoked group,after trial-self-control group,after trial-yoked group,the results showed that in retention tests and transfer tests the next day,only after trial-self-control group had the best learning effect,p <0.05,and there was no significant difference between other groups,p> 0.05.In experiment 3,all participants were asked to estimate their performance after each trial,and then decided whether to ask for feedback or not.The results showed that the learning effect of self-control group was significantly better than that of the yoked group p<0.05,and there was no significant difference of scores between whether ask for feedback or not in the first half of acquisition stage,p> 0.05,but in the second half of acquisition trials,the scores of when asking for feedback were significantly better than not asking for feedback,p<0.05,the error of self-evaluation and actual results reduced in self-control group with the progress of practice,p<0.05,the error of two groups did not change significantly,p> 0.05.In experiment 4,we explored learning effect of self-control feedback on table tennis players.Results showed that scores of self-control feedback group was significantly higher than that of yoked group,p<0.05.However,there was no significant difference of the results between whether ask for feedback or not,p>0.05.The difference between results and actual results of two groups did not reduce with the progress of practice,p> 0.05.Conclusions: 1.Self-control feedback is more effective to the learning of sports skills than receiving feedback passively.2.As for the effect of self-control feedback on motor learning,both of autonomous support and positive reinforcement were important.3.Self-control feedback group use negative feedback to correct errors and enhance self-confidence through positive feedback in the first half of the acquisition stage,and they mainly use positive feedback to promote learning in the second half of the acquisition stage,motivated and informational functions of feedback can not be ignored.4.Self-control feedback help develop learners' ability of detecting ability with the progress of practice.5.As for people adept in motor skills,such as table tennis players,the effect of self-control feedback still existed,but their strategy of requiring feedback may be different from ordinary people.