| Jude the Obscure,written in Victorian period,is the last famous novel of the British writer Thomas Hardy.Great achievements in the study of Jude the Obscure have been made by lots of scholars at home and abroad.Their research methods are manifold and diverse,but mainly concentrate on the following several methods: modernism,critical realism,study of characters,comparison between characters,tragic theme,significance of tragic study and comparative studies with other similar works.In recent years,the broad masses of literary critics have tried to combine literature with pragmatics,trying to analyze literary works from a new perspective,not just from the purely literary perspective.More and more scholars of all ages prefer to study literature from the aspect of pragmatics.Cooperative Principle,as one of the famous theories in pragmatics,it was put forward by the British language philosopher Grice.The theory can reveal the deep meaning or implied meaning of the conversation in the way of pragmatic reasoning so that the reader can understand the deep meaning or implied meaning that the speaker does not convey in the literal sense.Conversational implicature usually occurs after the speaker violates the principle of cooperation.In a certain context,the hearer can try to figure out the meaning that the speaker did not express,but sometimes,the speaker will deliberately violated the Cooperative Principle without being discovered by the hearer,so as to achieve their aims.In order to better understand the theory of conversational implicature,this thesis elaborates on the theory of Cooperative Principle of Grice and the conversational implicature caused by the flouting of the four maxims of it.This thesis attempts to analyze the dialogues between characters such as Jude,Sue,Arabella,Richard and Vilbert from the perspective of violating the four maxims(namely,quantity maxim,quality maxim,relevance maxim and manner maxim)of Cooperative Principle in order to study the implied meanings in their dialogues.Afterwards,it concludes the personality of each character and illustrates the tragedy of each character caused by their personality flaws.This thesis includes three parts in total.The first part is introduction which includes two aspects.At first,it briefly summarizes Grice’s Cooperative Principle and the conversational implicature caused by violating it.Following is a brief overview for the novel Jude the Obscure and the illustration as why Grice’s Cooperative Principle is applied to this novel as the basis to analyze the conversation implicature of Jude,Sue,Arabella,Mr.Phillotson and Vilbert.The second part is the main content of this thesis which contains four chapters:Chapter one is the overall literature review on the studies of Cooperative Principle and the novel Jude the Obscure abroad and in China.Chapter two contains two sections.Section one illustrates the four maxims of Cooperative Principle in detail and provides some corresponding examples to specify which maxim is obeyed.While section two describes the violation of four maxims along with some examples to illustrate why people violate these four maxims sometimes to fulfil their purpose.Chapter three introduces the general conversational characteristics of the conversations between different characters and then focuses on the analysis of the typical dialogues selected from each scene via the flouting of the four maxims of Cooperative Principle.Chapter four summarizes all the characters’ personalities from their violation of the four maxims analyzed in chapter three.With each personality,a brief summary illustrating why the personality leads to the tragedy of the character is given here too.The third and last part is the conclusion of this thesis which consists of the summary of the characters’ personalities via the analysis of violation of Grice’s four maxims and hence concludes the tragedy of characters.Besides,this part also includes the deficiency of the study and suggestions for further research. |
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