The Changes In Social Structure In Hakka Rural Areas Since The Founding Of The People's Republic Of China

Hakka rural areas mainly refer to the rural areas of Jiangxi,Fujian and Guangdong.Compared with other rural areas in China,Hakka rural areas have similarity as well as particularity.The evolution of the social structure of Hakka rural areas after the founding of the People's Republic of China is a microcosm of the evolution of social structure in rural areas.Traditional Hakka rural ancestral hall(patriarch)also has a scribe,landlord,ritual host and other identities.Under the combined effect of the existence of family property,the formulation and implementation of the family regulations,the cooperation between the government and the clan,the patriarchs hold the right to speak in the economic,political and cultural aspects of the countryside and carry out their enlightenment in the rural areas Power,in the case of agricultural society is extremely scarce to maintain the balance of rural society.After the founding of the PRC,with the land reform movement,the rise of people's commune movement,the clan property was deprived and the government had strengthened the social control of rural areas,compressed the clan organization in the rural areas of the activity space.During the "Cultural Revolution",the former patriarch s who were classified as "five" elements were criticized and a large number of genealogy data was burned,so clan activities disappeared.During this period,through the land reform movement,rural commune and the establishment of various associations of rural organizations,the government's control of the rural areas continued to be strengthened.In this period,Hakka rural areas of traditional clan continued to be suppressed and clan activities were constantly compressed and the government's control of the rural areas was constantly strengthening.After the reform and opening up,the rural areas carried out the household contract responsibility system,while the people's communes gradually disintegrated.The small peasant economy once recovered,and the government's control of the countryside was greatly relaxed with the disintegration of the people's communes.The clan organization was gradually revived in the 1980s after the recovery of the small-scale peasant economy,the government's relaxation of the rural social control,the existence of the surviving forces of the clan,and so on.However,the revival of clan organizations in the new era also showed some characteristics different from the traditional clan.After the reform and opening up,due to economic development,some businessmen began to get rich in Hakka rural areas.These people who achieved economic success began to participate in the management of rural areas.They gradually increased the rights in the rural areas.They not only affected the rural economy,but also affected the atmosphere of rural areas.As a result,they had more rights than the patriarchal clan in the countryside.In spite of influence to rural areas,these businessmen did not have the dominance of the countryside in the traditional rural areas.The patriarch who mastered the commander had the dominance.Merchants brought resources to the countryside.But the resources were not equal to the value and the flow of resources did not necessarily produce useful value.When the flow of resources was inconsistent with the value,there would be fragmentation.Resources were necessities,however value was the ultimate goal.Hakka women have been a hotspot in Hakka society study,and the change in Hakka women's status is a mirror of the changes in Hakka society.In the traditional Hakka society,under the influence of clan culture and social production,Hakka women had a high status in the family,while the status of society was low.After the founding of the PRC,due to the "Marriage Law'" and other laws,Hakka rural women's status was improved.After the reform and opening up,due to the family planning of high-pressure policy and traditional fertility concept of the joint action.Hakka rural areas had a very serious abandoned baby tide,while women's social status once again suffered substantial damage.With the gradual relaxation of the family planning policy.Hakka women participated in social work and ts social status got real protection and promotion.After the reform and opening up,the Hakka rural areas got rid of the backward mode of agricultural production and the survival crisis.With the continuous improvement of material level,Hakka rural areas also appeared in a variety of social problems.The old social order has been broken and the new order has not yet formed.Hakka rural areas are facing cultural and conceptual transformation.Through the efforts of ancestors,in the case of low social productivity the Hakka people maintain the balance of rural society.In the transition period.Modern Hakka people are also faced with the production methods,social changes brought about by the challenges.How to achieve a new social balance in the transition period is a problem that needs to be solved in modern Hakka rural areas and even in rural areas.