The Research On The Agriculture Cooperative Movement And The Rural Society In Chaoshan Area(1953-1957)

The agriculture cooperative movement was a reform on economic system in rural areas by the Chinese Communist Party in the 1950 s, which was on the basis of land-reform. It is not only completed the socialist transformation of agriculture, that transformed the scattered individual economy to the collective economy which land, labor was Centralized distribution, but also produced a great impact on the economic, political,grass-roots organizations of rural areas. Chaoshan area is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, as well as a high-yield grain area in Guangdong province. The agriculture cooperative in Chaoshan area was carried out earlier and typical, in a way it can be regarded as the miniature of the agriculture cooperative movement of Guangdong province.In the past, the study of the regional agriculture cooperative movement was from the perspective of policy history and social history, and the interaction among the state, the rural, the peasants was rarely studied. In this paper, in addition to sort out the development of the agricultural cooperative in Chaoshan area, and make a deeply exploration from the peasant household income, psychology such as retirement from community, combining area study with macro-background, making integral analysis combined with case analysis.Reappear the scene of the agriculture cooperative in Chaoshan area with more comprehensive and detailed. Not only pay close attention to the policy which formulated and implemented by the Chinese Communist Party in the specifit circumstances, but also make a deep analysis of the specific practice of these policies and the impact on the rural society.The paper consists of five parts.The first part is to analyze the rural social background of Chaoshan area before the agriculture cooperative movement, which includes land ownership relation after the land reform, the standard of peasants' production and living and ideological trends, and trying toexplain the causes from several aspects that the peasant took the road of mutual cooperation.The second part is mainly to comb the process of the agricultural cooperative movement in Chaoshan area, make a specific discussion of the development by three different stages, including the mutual aid group, the primary agency, senior agency.The third part is mainly to analysis the peasant's behavior of the retirement community in this movement, deeply exploring the causes of the dropout tide. And trying to reveal the reflection of different classes of farmers, more real and comprehensive reveal the condition of the agricultural cooperative movement in Chaoshan area.The fourth part is mainly to analysis the impact of development of agricultural cooperative movement on farmer's mentality, household and other aspects in Chaoshan area.At the same time, combining the characteristics of overseas Chinese hometown in Chaoshan, explained the problems of the overseas Chinese affairs, highlight the particularity of the cooperative movement in Chaoshan area.The fifth part is make a comprehensive and dialectical evaluation to the agricultural cooperative movement in Chaoshan area. And through reflecting on this movement, I hope to provide reference and enlightenment to the development of the modern agricultural.