The Study Of Transport Culture Of Hei Longjiang In Qing Dynasty

Qing dynasty successively banished different types of criminals to the frontier of country while consolidating its dominance and maintaining feudal order since its foundation. Considering its particular geographic location, Heilongjiang was one of the focus areas where criminals were banished by Qing dynasty. A large number of Qing exiles of Heilongjiang made a cultural blending between the Sinic cultures loaded on them and the Heilongjiang native cultures, which created the transport culture. The formation of the transport culture from material and spiritual two aspects promoted the development of Heilongjiang. Flow culture formation, speeded up the process of the northeast region of mainland, for the “unified” in qing dynasty played an important role in the process of national construction.The thesis researches the Heilongjiang exiles and the influence of transport culture with the key point of the exile of Heilongjiang exiles and the target of transport culture of Heilongjiang area.The thesis includes four parts.The first part is an introduction. It mainly introduces the current research situation of this subject, research perspectives, the geographic area of Heilongjiang and the definitions about related terms.The second part is chapter one that is about the exile of Qing exiles of Heilongjiang. Heilongjiang area had a particular geographic location in early Qing dynasty because it was the frontier of Anti-Russian and was behind the Manchu. Moreover, it practiced a special administrative system which was different from each province of inland. In order to develop Heilongjiang and strengthen the national defence, the Qing dynasty banished large numbers of exiles to Heilongjiang area, which was lasting without letting up from its foundation to collapse. During the period, the Qing government adjusted the banish of exiles on the basis of the changes of domestic and overseas situation so that exiles played an effective role to develop Northeast and Strengthen national defence.The third part is chapter two which refers to the living of exiles and the economic development of Heilonjiang area. This part mainly studies the transport culture in material dimension. The exiles were banished to Heilongjiang must solve the fundamental problem of material subsistence to survive. Hence, according to the positions and the different ways of banishing, the exiles made a living to gain needs by their own way that they were good at. In general, the exiles mainly were engaged in business, agriculture and handicraft industry, which facilitated the economic development of Heilongjiang area.The forth part is chapter three which relates to the livelihood of exiles and the cultural development of Heilongjiang area. The part mostly investigates the transport culture in spiritual level. Heilongjiang area was located in the border area with a low level of productivity and the development and utilization of a late start. The exiles come to Heilongjiang area not only made local material goods greatly abundant but also promoted the cultural integration and impacts between the Sinic cultures and local native cultures, which had a great influence on cultural education, transmission of Confucian doctrine, changes of belief and social custom and so forth. In short, the transport culture exerts an extensive and far-reaching influence, furthermore, it keeps Northeast cultures continued.