A Study On The Institution Of The Qing Dynasty’s Rain Report

The rain report institution is the ancient official at all levels regularly report system of a local precipitation conditions of documents. Has its own literature after the Qin Dynasty, the rain reporting system is due to the importance of its report content and relatively convenient maneuverability, brought to the attention of the rulers, and to keep and perform on for a long time. Corresponding to different periods of history environment, the rain reporting system in different historical stages presented with different characteristics. In terms of its development trend, although it or have repeatedly, but constantly developing, and strengthening the autocratic monarchy in different period, is consistent.The establishment of the system of reporting and evolution, and is closely related to the development of the system of the throne in the Qing Dynasty. It began with the middle period of Kangxi, after middle and later periods of the Kangxi and Yongzheng more leather and development, to the early years of the Qianlong have perfected, and the iconic the dynasties, to the late Qing Dynasty still remain. Though rain report in the Qing Dynasty based on the former generation, but by no means is a former generation of simple duplication and copied, but in the basic, on the basis of inheritance, based on the practice rule, profit and loss, both retains historical characteristics, and in the following, made in the Qing Dynasty the rain played appealed to reveal the following characteristics of institutionalization.Firstly, fold the playing staff. Along with the development of the system of the throne in the Qing Dynasty, the rain played at expanding for the qualification of officials, whether overseers, caresses, San Francisco, made, or mention, town, learn, salt, and even the local magistrate, poor shut everywhere have played on the rain. For office with different level, officials at all levels on the rain reporting and each has its own characteristics, with emphasis on. Although has the qualifications of folding play official population expanding, but from the point of folding on the frequency and stability, is still more concentrated and local officials. On the fold the play staff, has been formed with local governors as the core, a variety of reporting channels simultaneously, multi-channel, multi-angle of distinctive rain information reporting system.Secondly, in reporting on the content and writing format. Sum up, the rain to play to the core elements of mainly two things: one is the precipitation itself, including the beginning and the end of rainfall time, the range of rainfall, rainfall and the rainfall precipitation itself related to data and information; the other is direct or indirect influence brought by the rainfall, the most important is the effect of precipitation to crop, including crop growth, crop estimate prices and floating and related information. Which has both quantitative data statistics, there are also qualitative analysis and conclusions, but may not have been involved in, having regard to the specific circumstances and needs to play on. At the same time, the rain reporting both to the throne in the Qing Dynasty as the carrier, the writing format must be strictly in accordance with the provisions of the throne, will be played by specially is the emperor’s six lines format, and regardless of the taboo, line feeds, such as carrying case is the same as they wished, even the written language has restrictions.Thirdly, on the reporting procedures. Rain reporting in the Qing Dynasty, according to the reporting process can be divided into two kinds of conventional and unconventional, the former has a bottom-up rain information reporting procedures, relatively stable report time and relatively perfect delivery system, which is flexible and varied in form, the program are also different. Qing Dynasty, with regular reporting procedure is given priority to, complementary with various forms of unconventional reporting, the two parallel, complement each other, each other nuclear, both to ensure that the rain reporting the diversity, the completeness of the contents, also enhance the authenticity of information in the rain, and reliability.As a master of rain report system in ancient China, the Qing Dynasty of the rain perfect operation system and the reporting system showed a strong functional, for expansion of Qing state provides essential decision-making premise, also directly affects the farmers in the Qing Dynasty government, famine, food politics and the specific operation of river administration. But should not be ignored, whether the defect of the system itself, or outside the system of other negative factors, makes the rain reporting system in the Qing Dynasty the “politics of T-shirt people” by the results of a certain extent weakened...