| Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in the male reproductive system,The pathological types of prostate cancer include adenocarcinoma,urothelial carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,and so on,Among them,prostate gland cancer occupies 95% above,The incidence of prostate cancer is marked by geographical and ethnic differences,In Europe and the United States and other developed countries and regions,it is the most common malignant tumor of men,and its mortality rate is the second of all kinds of cancer;In Asia,the incidence is lower than in western countries and regions,But in recent years,with the improvement of living standards,the incidence of Asian countries is on the rise.At present,the cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood,so the basic research on prostate cancer is more and more,with the progress of related research,Inhibitor of differentiation-1(Id-1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)Attracted the attention and interest of many researchers.There are four members of the Id protein family,namely Id-1,Id-2,Id-3and Id-4,Members of the Id protein family with bHLH protein,inhibit the transcription,which is the Id protein family members as in normal cell regulatory factors regulate cell differentiation and proliferation,once the abnormal regulation,will lead to the occurrence of tumor.Of these,Id-1 is currently the most studied,Id-1 gene plays a unique role in the regulation of cell cycle in prostate cancer,which is closely related to the growth,invasion,angiogenesis and prognosis of prostate cancer.Related studies of breast cancer found that if the invasion of breast cancer cells is low,generally not detected the expression of Id-1mRNA;while in high invasive breast cancer cells,higher expression of Id-1 mRNA is presented by using antisense nucleic acid technology proved that the expression level of breast cancer cell invasionand metastasis and Id-1 protein,the data demonstrate that Id-1 is not only an important sign of the invasion process of breast cancer,but also for invasive breast cancer targeted therapy to provide new ideas.In normal prostate tissues,the expression of Id-1 protein was not expressed,but the expression of Id-1protein was highly expressed in PC tissues,further studies have found that the degree of Id-1 protein expression is related to the pathological differentiation degree and Gleason score of prostate cancer: High differentiation PC and low Gleason score showed low expression of Id-1 protein,while Id-1 protein was highly expressed in poorly differentiated prostate cancer and higher Gleason score.In addition,the study of PC also showed that overexpression of Id-1can inhibit the differentiation of tumor cells,and can promote tumor cell proliferation;Id-1 protein can also through the expression of oncogene activation and inhibition of tumor suppressor gene in tumor,which regulate cell cycle and to promote tumor cell invasion and tumor angiogenesis objective.In addition to prostate cancer and other malignancies,such as endometrial carcinoma、liver cancer,pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancers,high expression of Id-1 protein can be detected.VEGF can act as a receptor for tyrosine kinase receptors in endothelial cells,promote endothelial cell division and proliferation,promote tumor angiogenesis and increase vascular permeability,and is the prerequisite for tumorigenesis,development and metastasis.VEGF currently has 5 subtypes,named after the time of discovery: VEGF-A/B/C/D/E,and 3 tyrosine kinase receptors: VEGFR1,VEGFR2,and VEGFR3;VEGF-A can promote the growth and migration of vascular endothelial cells,so it plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis;VEGF-B can promote the regeneration of ocular vascular and myocardial vascular,also can induce the migration of vascular endothelial cells;VEGF-C can promote epithelial cell division,migration and vascular permeability;VEGF-D lymphatic growth and migration induced by.A number of studies have shown that VEGF can regulate vascular endothelial cell differentiation,proliferation,thereby promoting tumor angiogenesis,and tumor can increase vascular permeability,promote tumor cell division andproliferation;VEGF can also inhibit apoptosis of tumor endothelial cells.In addition,VEGF also can enhance the expression of Bcl-2 endothelial in cell,Bcl-2 through the regulation of some growth factors,such as PKC,mTOR,IL-8,STAT-1,endothelial cell to prevent apoptosis;Therefore,VEGF plays an important role in the occurrence,development,metastasis and recurrence of some malignant tumors.VEGF can be applied to prostate cancer vascular endothelial cells,promote tumor endothelial cell division,proliferation,so as to promote the increase of vascular permeability and vascular formation of prostate cancer,to promote tumor growth and metastasis objective.In addition to prostate cancer,lung cancer,liver cancer and other malignant tumor tissues,high expression of VEGF can be detected.At present,the pathogenesis of prostate cancer is not fully understood by scholars all over the world.Therefore,more and more basic researches on prostate cancer have been carried out.With the progress of related research,Id-1 and VEGF have attracted the attention and interest of many researchers.Effect of Id-1 on cell cycle of malignant tumor has a very important role in tumor growth,invasion and metastasis are very closely related,it regulates cell cycle by activating the oncogene and inhibiting the expression of tumor suppressor gene in tumor,so as to achieve the purpose of promoting tumor cell invasion and tumor angiogenesis.VEGF and angiogenesis of malignant tumor increased vascular permeability is important,VEGF can also promote tumor cell division,differentiation and migration;there are few studies on the expression of Id-1 and VEGF in PC.In this study,through the expression of Id-1 and VEGF in PC,further elaborates the relationship between the two,and their mechanism of formation,in prostate cancer progression,invasion and migration process,provide a new way for the treatment of prostate cancer.Objective: To explore the expressions of inhibitor of differentiation protein-1(Id-1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in tissues of prostate cancer(PC)and benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and their clinical significance.Methods: Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to analyzing theexpressions of Id-1 and VEGF in 80 cases of prostate cancer and 80 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Results:1 The positive expression rate of Id-1 in group PC is 65%,and the positive expression rate in group BPH is 11.3%,and the expression in group PC is significantly higher than that in group BPH(P<0.05).According to age,<68 years old patients,the positive rate of Id-1 is 62.2%,and over 68 year old patients,the positive rate of Id-1 is 68.6%(P=0.556),there is no significant difference in age between the two groups;According to the degree of pathological differentiation,the positive rates of Id-1 in high,medium and low differentiated PC are 25%,78.6% and 72.2% respectively(P<0.05);In clinical stage,the positive rate of Id-1 expression is 37.5% in stage I and II,and the positive rate of Id-1 in stage III to IV is 83.3%.The positive rate of Id-1 expression in stage III and IV PC patients is significantly higher than that in stage I-II(P<0.05);It is suggested that in PC,the expression intensity of Id-1 is not related to the age of the patients,which is related to the clinical stage and the pathological grade.The positive expression rate of VEGF in PC group is 68.8%,and the positive expression rate in BPH group is 16.2%.The positive expression rate of PC in group PC is significantly higher than that in BPH group(P<0.05).According to age,<68 years old patients,the positive rate of VEGF is 66.7%,and over 68 year old patients,the positive rate of VEGF is 71.4%(P=0.649),the two groups had no statistical significance;According to the degree of pathological differentiation,the positive expression rate of VEGF in high,medium and low differentiation in PC are31.3%,82.1%,75%(P<0.05);and in the clinical stage,stage of PC,the positive expression rate of VEGF is 43.8%,the positive expression rate of VEGF in stage III-IV 85.4%,III-IV stage patients with PC positive expression rate of VEGF is significantly higher than that in stage I and II(P<0.05);It is suggested that the expression intensity of VEGF is not related to the age of the patients in PC,but is related to the clinical stage and pathological grade.2 The expression of Id-1 and VEGF is positively correlated with prostate cancer.Conclusion:1 The positive expression rates of Id-1 and VEGF in PC group are higher than those in BPH group.2 The expression intensity of Id-1 and VEGF is related to the clinical stage and pathological grade of PC,but not to age.3 The expression of Id-1 and VEGF is positively correlated in PC.4 The high expression of Id-1 and VEGF is related to the invasion and metastasis of PC,and the two can be used as an index to judge the degree of malignancy and prognosis of PC,and provide a new way for the treatment and prevention of PC. |
