| Objective To explore the alterations of gut microbiota in PD patients and the relationships between gut microbiota and PD clinical characteristics.Methods A Case-control study was adopted for this experiment.15 PD patients with constipation and 15 PD patients without constipation were collected in the Department of Neurology,BenQ Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2017 to March 2018 as case groups.15 healthy volunteers without Parkinson disease were selected as controls.A survey of basic information including age,gender,complications,current medication and smoking were filled out.Disease assessment were conducted in the case groups,including Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III(UPDRS III),Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y),non-motor symptom Quest(NMSQ),Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE),the degree of constipation(Wexner),the 39-Item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire(PDQ39)? Motor Complications and the duration of PD.The fecal specimens from the case groups and the control group were collected,the total bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)were extracted from all specimen,the V4-V5 sequence of the bacterial 16 SrDNA was amplified by specific primers,and the sequencing was carried out by High-throughput sequencing(HTS).DNA sequencing results were anaylzed using Trimmomatic,mothur and USEARCH.SPSS20.0 was used to analyze the statistical difference between groups.Results In the end 14 constipated PD patients,15 non constipated PD patients and 15 healthy controls were included in the analysis.The gut microbiota of PD group and healthy control group had some overlap in the classification of phylum,class,order,family,genus,species and operational taxonomic unit(OTU).There was no significant difference in the alpha diversity index between PD group and healthy control group(P > 0.05).The abundances of intestinal Coriobacteriia,Collinsella and Actinomyces in the PD group was higher than those in the healthy control group(P < 0.05),while the abundances of Lachnospira and Terrisporobacter(P < 0.05)were lower than those of the healthy control group(P < 0.05).The analysis among the three groups suggested that the abundances of five gut microbiota mentioned above in PD constipation group and non constipation group were significantly different from those in the control group(P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference between the PD constipation group and the non constipation group(P > 0.05).The abundance of Coriobacteriia in the intestinal tract of PD patients was negatively correlated with antiplatelet drugs(Spearman correlation coefficient-0.38).There was no significant correlation between the abundances of the other four types of bacteria and the clinical characteristics of PD patients.In addition,the abundances of Hungatella,Anaerotruncus_colihominis and Lactobacillus_fermentum in the intestinal tract of PD group were also higher than those of the healthy control group(P < 0.05),and they had a positive correlation with the Wexner score(the correlation coefficients were 0.48,0.45,0.65,respectively).The abundances of the three intestinal bacteria mentioned above were significantly higher in the PD constipation group than those in the PD non constipation group and the control group(P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference between the PD non constipation group and the control group(P > 0.05).Conclusion The overall gut microbiota composition of patients with Parkinson's disease is similar to that of healthy people,but the abundances of some gut microbiota are different from normal population.The changed abundances of Coriobacteriia,Collinsella,Actinomyces,Lachnospira and Terrisporobacter in the intestinal tract of PD patients may be related to Parkinson's pathogenesis.The increased levels of Anaerotruncus_colihominis,Lactobacillus_fermentum and Hungatella in the intestinal tract of patients with Parkinson's disease are closely related to constipation so that they may have no relationship with PD.Changes of some gut microbiota are related to clinical characteristics of PD patients. |
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