Antioxidant And Anti-aging Effects Of Enzymatic-extractable Fruit Body Polysaccharides From Agaricus Bisporus

Agaricus bisporus,a common edible,medicinal,and visual mushroom,belongs to kingdom of Eumycophyta,phylum of Basidiomycotina,class of Basidiomycotina,order of Agaricales,family of Tricholomataceae,genus of Tricholoma.It contains various biologically active substances,such as polysaccharide,protein,and mineral elements.Polysaccharides from the fruiting body of A.bisporus possessed beneficial activities including antioxidant,immunomodulatory,antitumor.However,scare papers about the anti-aging effects of enzymatic-extractable fruit body polysaccharides by A.bisporus?EnFBP?had been published.In the present study,the extraction conditions of enzymatic-extractable polysaccharides were determined by single-factor test?SFT?and response surface methodology?RSM?.Three feactions?EnFBP-1,En FBP-2 and EnFBP-3?were purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column.The monosaccharide compositions,antioxidant and anti-aging activities of all fractions were investigated.The present conclusions were listed as follows.?1?Extraction conditions for EnFBP were optimized by SFT and RSM.The results showed that the optimum conditions of EnFBP extraction were extraction temperature?57.30??,extraction time?5.00 h?,pH?5.46?and ratio of water material?55.00?.Under these conditions,the predicted rate of EnFBP reached 1.26%and the verification rate of EnFBP 1.24%.?2?Through the DEAE-cellulose column,EnFBP contained three components:EnFBP-1,EnFBP-2 and EnFBP-3.Detailedly,the EnFBP-1 was neutral polysaccharides,while the EnFBP-2 and EnFBP-3 were acidic polysaccharides.?3?After EnFBP-1,-2,and-3 were identified based on GC analysis.EnFBP was composed of Rha?1.12%?,Fuc?4.07%?,Xyl?2.84%?,Man?68.19%?,Gal?11.16%?and Glu?12.63%?with the molar ratio of 1:3.6:2.8:55.3:9:10.2.As for its three fractions,EnFBP-1 contained Rha,Fuc,Xyl,Man,Gal and Glu in a mass percentage of 5.97%,9.3%,5.78%,9.18%,26.02%and43.75%with the molar ratio of 1:1.6:1.1:1.4:4:6.7,the EnFBP-2 was composed of Rha,Fuc,Xyl,Man,Gal and Glu in a mass percentage of 1.10%,7.09%,2.83%,37.29%,35.53%and15.35%with the molar ratio of 1:7.2:2.8:30.9:29.4:12.7,and EnFBP-3 was composed of Xyl?2.01%?,Man?28.47%?,Gal?12.94%?and Glu?56.58%?,and their corresponding molar ratios were 1:5.4:2.5:10.7,respectively.?4?Hydroxyl radical?·OH?,DPPH radicals,reducing power,Fe²⁺cleating as an indicator to estimated antioxidant capacity of EnFBP and its fraction in vitro.The results showed that EnFBP had antioxidant activities.The EnFBP-2 had higher antioxidant activities than EnFBP,EnFBP-1,EnFBP-3.?5?The recovery effects of EnFBP and its fractions on organs.The results showed that EnFBP and its fractions had significant activities in reducing the activities of alanine transaminase?ALT?and aspertate aminotransferase?AST?,and levels of blood urea nitrogen?BUN?and creatinine?CRE?,indicating that the EnFBP and its fractions can improve the disordered lipid metabolism in D-galactose?D-gal?induced aging mice.Furthermore,the histopathological observations of EnFBP and its fractions had the protective effects on liver,kidney and brain.?6?The effects of EnFBP and its fractions against oxidative stress.The activities of superoxide dismutase?SOD?,glutathione peroxidase?GSH-Px?,and catalase?CAT?were significantly decreased and the contents of malondialdehyde?MDA?were significantly increased in D-gal induced aging mice,indicating that the aging models were successfully established.After the administration of EnFBP and its fractions,significant increased in SOD,GSH-Px,CAT activities,significant decreased in MDA content than MC groups,indicating that the EnFBP had potential protective effects on liver,kidney and brain damage.This study suggested that EnFBP had potential antioxidant activity in vitro and anti-aging activity in vivo,while polysaccharides extracted from A.bisporus fruit body could against oxidative stress in D-gal induced aging mice.