Comparative Studies On Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Ginseng And Notoginseng Total Saponins

Objective:In all ages,ginseng and notoginseng are treasure of traditional Chinese medicine.They are honored as "ginseng lists first in tonifying Qi and notoginseng lists first in tonifying blood",recoded in Supplement to The Grand Compendium of Materia Medica'.It not only shows the position of the two herbs in Chinese medicine,but also indicates that the traditional usage of this two is very different.Previous literature reviews and pre-experiment also have found that there are indeed differences in efficacy of anti-inflammatory effects between the above two herbs.The main active ingredients of ginseng and notoginseng are total saponins of panax ginseng(TSPG)and panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)respectively.They have high similarity in ingredients,and the difference is mainly reflected in the proportion of components.Is the difference in composition proportion a material basis for the differences in traditional usage and anti-inflammatory activity of ginseng and notoginseng?For answer this,the study has compared the anti-inflammatory activity of the two herbs from the overall,morphological,and molecular levels.Methods:Experiment 1:Preparation of high purity TSPG and PNSMacroporous adsorption resin D101 combined with Yin and Yang ion exchange resin D201 and D113 was adopted to prepare high purity TSPG and PNS and put the quality control of both of them.Experiment 2:set a pre-experiment to explore the difference between the TSPG and PNS in anti-hypoxia and anti-inflammatory effectsIn this experiment,the same batch of mice were divided into groups and given gavage administration with TSPG and PNS according to the different grouping.Then compare the differences of both in anti-hypoxia and anti-inflammatory effects by using hypoxia and dimethylbenzene to cause acute ear swelling.Experiment 3:Establishment of quantitative stereological method of average surface area of middle and small arteriovenous in mouse earAs in the second experiment,the method of comparing the difference in anti-inflammatory effects between TSPG and PNS was used.The mice were divided into groups and given gavage.After tissue weighing,the stereological 3D reconstruction method was applied in the serial sections of ear tissue to reconstruct the 3D of small and medium-sized vessels,and then frozen sections of tissues were used to measure the diameter of capillaries in tissues.Experiment 4:Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of TSPG and PNSThe mice with same batch were divided into eight groups:high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups of TSPG,high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups of PNS,positive drug group(Aspirin Enteric-coated Tablets)and blank control group.Two weeks of gavage respectively,daub little xylene in the right ear of each mouse to cause acute inflammation.Put them to death half an hour later.Sample in the same position of the left and right ears of each mouse and weigh.Swelling degree and swelling rate were used to express the anti-inflammatory effects of different medicine in mice.Then,the capillary diameter of the ear and the average surface area of the middle and small-sized vessels were measured with stereological method and compared between the groups.Stereological counting method was used to count neutrophils number in the tissues.At last,the concentration differences of 5-HT and PGE2 in different groups were detected by ELISA kits of 5-HT and PGE2 after the mice ears stimulated with xylene.Compare the effects of different drugs on inflammatory factors lastly.Results:Experiment 1:High purity TSPG and PNS were obtained from experiment.The quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS)showed that the ratio of protopanaxadiol(PPD)to protopanaxatriol(PPT)in TSPG was 0.489,and 0.544 in PNS.The value of Rbl/Rgl in TSPG was 1.930,and the value of Rbl/Rgl in PNS was 0.372.Experiment 2:The difference in the ant-anoxic effect between TSPG and PNS was not obvious.However,there are obvious differences in the anti-acute-inflammation resulting in ear swelling experiment(P<0.05).Therefore,the anti-inflammatory index was selected for the later experiment.Experiment 3:The correlation analysis between each two of tissue weight and average surface area and average diameter of capillaries showed that tissue weight was positively correlated with the average surface area of small and medium-sized vessels,and negatively correlated with the average diameter of capillaries.Experiment 4:The ear swelling of the mice in blank group stimulated with xylene was obvious(P<0.05).Positive drug group,medium-dose and low-dose groups of PNS can significantly improve the ear swelling(P<0.05).But there was no significant improvement in both high-dose group of PNS and all TSPG groups.Observation of small and medium-sized vascular morphology showed that there was a difference in blank group between receiving and not receiving inflammatory stimulation(P<0.05).And after stimulation,the average surface area of the small and medium vessels in the stimulated ear is smaller,indicating that the ear swelling caused by xylene after half an hour in the small and medium vessels of the stimulated ear was stayed at contraction state.Compared with the vessels in stimulated ear in the blank group,the ear blood vessels of mice fed with different drugs were shown as below.In the positive drug group,there was a significant difference between the PNS medium-dose and low-dose groups(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference among all groups of TSPG and the high-dose group of PNS.The comparison of the capillary diameter showed that:angiotelectasis in ear occurred after xylene stimulation for half an hour(P<0.05).In positive drug group,high-dose and medium-dose groups of PNS,it could obviously antagonize the angiotelectasis(P<0.05).There was no significant effect in PNS low-dose group and each TSPG group.By counting neutrophils number in auricle,it was found that there was no obvious effect on the aggregation of neutrophils in the positive drug group and each PNS group,and the low-dose group of TSPG could inhibit the aggregation of neutrophil in the acute inflammatory reaction.The results of ELISA experiment showed that both TSPG and PNS could inhibit the concentration of PGE2,and the PNS also had inhibiting effect on the concentration of 5-HT.Conclusion:Both of TSPG and PNS have PPD and PPT.And their proportions are slightly different:the total content of PPD in PNS is higher than that in TSPG.PNS shows significant anti-inflammatory effect in the acute inflammatory reaction,while TSPG can improve some inflammatory indicators,but it cannot improve the ear swelling caused by inflammatory exudation.PNS can relieve tissue edema and angiectasis in the inflammatory reaction,which may be received by inhibiting 5-HT,PGE2 and other inflammatory factors.