| Anoectochilus roxburghii(Wall.)Lindl.(Orchidaceae),a perennial herb,with the effects of dehumidification,deintoxication and removing pathogenic heat from blood,is used to treat the diseases such as diabetes,acute chronic hepatitis,hyperuricemia,helicobacter pylori infection and tumors,etc.Polysaccharide is one of its main active ingredients,with the multiple pharmacological effects of anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor and immune regulation,etc.The studies on A.roxburghii polysaccharide’s content changes,structural characteristics and pharmacological activities,will be helpful for determining the precise harvesting time and the key enzymes affecting the polysaccharides accumulation,obtaining the high quality raw materials and providing a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of highly active health products,medicines and cosmetics.In this study,Fujian A.roxburghii was used as the experimental materials,the conventional physiological and biochemical methods were applied to determine the sugar contents,sucrose metabolism enzyme activities of A.roxburghii under different growth stages.The structural characterization and monosaccharide composition of A.roxburghii polysaccharides were studied by using infrared spectroscopy(IR),Atomic Force Microscope(AFM),and Gas Chromatography(GC)analysis.The effects of anti-fatigue,anti-oxidation and hypoxia tolerance of A.roxburghii polysaccharides were determined by different experimental kits.The results are as follows:(1)The determination results of sugar contents and key enzyme activities of sucrose metabolism of different A.roxburghii parts under different growth stages showed that the main accumulation sites of polysaccharides were at the roots of A.roxburghii.The polysaccharide contents in roots and stems were reached the maximum value before flowering four months after planting,which could be taken as a reference for the study of A.roxburghii harvest time.The activities of sucrose phosphate synthetase(SPS)in roots,stems,and leaves were higher than those of sucrose synthase(SS)in sucrose metabolism of A.roxburghii,so SPS could be the key enzyme for sucrose synthesis.The activities of acid invertase(AI)were higher than those of neutral invertase(NI),and AI should be the major enzyme for sucrose degradation.There was a certain extent of positive correlation between A.roxburghii polysaccharides and fructose,SS,AI and NI,but the differences did not reach the significant level.There was no very close correlation existed between A.roxburghii polysaccharides accumulation and sucrose metabolism.(2)IR analysis of A.roxburghii polysaccharides showed that they had the stretching vibration peaks of typical pyranose residues.The results of AFM analysis indicated that the characterization structure of A.roxburghii polysaccharides was a rod-shaped aggregates with no branch structure and uniform size.The GC analysis showed the A.roxburghii polysaccharides were mainly composed monosaccharides of rhamnose,arabinose,xylose,mannose,glucose and galactose.The molar ratio was 0.28∶1.93∶2.06∶2.40∶1.00∶6.43.The dominant monosaccharide was galactose in A.roxburghii.(3)The study results of anti-fatigue,anti-oxidation,and anti-hypoxia effects of A.roxburghii polysaccharides showed that the A.roxburghii polysaccharides could decrease the contents of serum urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid and increase the swimming time and glycogen contents of mice.The A.roxburghii polysaccharides could increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum of mice significantly,and effectively reduce the MDA contents in serum,thereby inhibiting the formation of serum lipid peroxidation and improve the body ability to eliminate free radicals;The A.roxburghii polysaccharides could effectively increase the survival time of hypoxia tolerance and sodium nitrite poisoning in mice,and the number of times of acute cerebral hypoxia.In summary,the A.roxburghii polysaccharides have anti-fatigue,anti-oxidation and anti-anoxia effects on mice. |
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