Complete Genome Sequencing And Bioinformatics Analysis Of Multidrug Resistant Myroides Odoratimimus PR63039

Myroides sp.(Formerly known as Flavobacterium odoratum)is Gram-negative,non-fermentative,obligately aerobic,yellow-pigmented,non-fermenting and nonmotile rod bacteria with a characteristic fruity odor.It causes various nosocomial infections in immunocompromised individuals and even outbreaks infections,such as urinary tract infections,cellulitis,bacteremia,malignant tumor,necrotizing fasciitis,ventriculitis,septicemia,and diabetes complications.Moreover,the therapeutic options for Myroides sp.infections are a headache for clinicians because of their multi-drug resistance characteristics and the unclear antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Myroides sp.To clarify the antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity mechanisms of Myroides odoratimimus(M.odoratimimus)PR63039 at genomic level,and to identify the genome similarities as well as differences among such clinical isolates,whole genome sequencing(using PacBio RSII Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology)and bioinformatic analysis approach was performed on the multi-drug resistant M.odoratimimus strain PR63039.The M.odoratimimus PR63039 genome consisted of a chromosome(4,366,950 bp)and a plasmid(90,798 bp).With the CG viewer,we obtained the genome circular of PR63039 strain.The genome contained a large number of resistance genes,such as β-lactam resistance genes,tetracycline resistance genes,chloramphenicol resistance genes,quinolone resistance genes,multi-resistant proton pump genes,antibiotic resistant gene mutant Staphylococcus aureus rpoB and Pseudomonas aeruginosa gyrA.The distribution of the resistance genes was distinctive,and a resistance region named MY63039-RR was found.From a general perspective,the predicted antibiotic resistance genes were roughly in line with the phenotype in AST(antimicrobial susceptibility test).The genomic analysis of M.odoratimimus PR63039 partially clarified its antibiotic resistance mechanisms and virulence.What’s more,there were also thirty-eight virulence factors and two prophages were predicted in the genome.Comparative genomic analysis of four clinical M.odoratimimus strain(M.odoratimimus PR63039,M.odoratimimus CCUG10230,M.odoratimimus CCUG12901,M.odoratimimus CIP101113)revealed that extensive similar genome existed in the four clinical M.odoratimimus isolates.The phylogenetic tree showed that strain CCUG10230,CCUG12901 and CIP101113 might belong to the same clone.In addition,diverse antibiotic resistance genes were present in all of the strain genomes,and the identified resistance gene among CCUG12901,CIP101113 and CCUG10230 was almost consistent.The alignment of the four genomes showing the strain genomes were similar,even there were some chromosomal rearrangement among them.By CRISPR predictive analysis,we found that strain PR63039 contained three types of CRISPR and CCUG10230 contained four types of CRISPR,but the CRISPR sequence was not predicted in the genomes of strains CCUG12901 and CIP101113.Furthermore,prophages were predicted in that all genomes even contained different elements.In general,in this essay,the mechanism of the antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity of PR63039,and the homology among the four clinical M.odoratimimus isolates were partially clarified at the genomic level.All these genomic data and findings will provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of clinical M.odoratimimus infection and the development of new antibiotics.