Physical Activity And Its Association With Neighborhood Built Environment Among Residents Aged 15?74 In Ningbo

Objective: To assess the situation of physical activity and its association with neighborhood built environment among the residents aged 15~74 in Ningbo,and to provide the scientific evidence for designing the built environment which could effectively promote residents' physical activity.Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study,a total of 5280 local permanent residents aged 15~74 were selected through multi-stage random sampling from Ningbo,Zhejiang province.The survey included three parts: questionnaire interview,body measurement and laboratory testing.The contents of survey included social-demographic characteristics,physical activity level,neighborhood built environment,chronic diseases situation,behavioral risk factors like smoking and drinking.Questionnaires were used to measure participants' physical activity level and perception of neighborhood built environment.T Test,Mann-Whitney U Test,KruskalWallis H Test,Chi-Square Test,Spearman correlation analysis,and Logistic regression were conducted for data analysis.Both unadjusted model(physical activity level as dependent variable,environmental variables as independent variable)and adjusted model(physical activity level as dependent variable,environmental variables as independent variable and individual variables as covariates)were performed for Logistic regression in this study.Results: 1.Among the participants of the survey,79.57% were physically active and 20.43% were physically inactive.The active rates of occupational,household and transport-related physical activity were 34.81%,41.55% and 42.39%,respectively,while the active rate of recreational physical activity was only 2.50%.By computing the time and metabolic equivalents(METs)spent per week on each type of physical activity,we found that occupational labor,housework and transportation respectively contribute to 38.53%,34.80%,25.36% of the total time amount,and 36.24%,30.92%,21.91% of the total METs amount.While only 1.31% of the time and 10.93% of the METs were spent on recreation.2.Among the participants of the survey,the total METs of activities and the rate of physically active of female were higher than male.For occupational and recreational physical activity,the METs and active rates were higher in male than in female,which contrary to the results of household activity.And the METs and active rate of occupational activity were higher in urban than in rural,which contrary to the results of household and transport-related activity.The survey results also indicated that the total METs of residents aged 45~64 was higher than other age groups,while the METs spent on recreation was most highest among residents of 15~24 years old,the METs spent on transportation was most lowest among residents aged 25~54.3.Both in the unadjusted and adjusted model,total physical activity level was negatively associated with street connectivity,and positively associated with aesthetic quality,traffic safety and crime safety,while had no statistical association with residential density,land use mixdiversity,land use mix-access,infrastructure for walking/cycling and neighborhood recreational facilities.4.In the unadjusted model,transportation physical activity level was positively associated with residential density and aesthetics,and was negatively associated with street connectivity and crime safety.Furthermore,these relationships remained true after taking into account individual variables,and a negative correlation was found between transportation physical activity level and infrastructure for walking/cycling.While transportation physical activity level had no statistical association with land use mix-diversity,land use mix-access,traffic safety and neighborhood recreational facilities both in the unadjusted and adjusted model.5.Both in the unadjusted and adjusted model,recreational physical activity level was positively associated with residential density and land use mix-diversity,and negatively associated with land use mix-access,while had no statistical association with street connectivity,infrastructure for walking/cycling,aesthetic quality,traffic safety,crime safety and neighborhood recreational facilities.Conclusions: 1.The proportion of physical inactivity is high among residents aged 15~74 in Ningbo,most amount of physical activity is from occupational labor and housework,and the proportion of recreational physical activity is low.Physical activity,especially recreational physical activity should be increased.2.The physical activity level is different among different groups of residents,it is necessary to give scientific instruction according to residents' basic characteristics,and targeted policies should be developed to improve residents' physical activity level effectively.3.Different environmental characteristics are related to different domains of physical activity.Street connectivity,aesthetics,traffic safety and crime safety are related to total physical activity level.Residential density,street connectivity,aesthetics and crime safety are related to transportation physical activity level.Residential density,land use mix-diversity and land use mixaccess are related to recreational physical activity.