The Research On High Fructose Consumption During Pregnancy On Embryonic Development And Its Influence Factors

Objective By gavage administration with different doses of fructose water to pregnant rats,and observe effect of high fructose consumption during pregnancy on fetal development and preliminary study on its mechanism.Methods 1.To examined the effects of feeding the pregnant mice with high fructose throughout pregnancy,rats were randomly divided into control group,normal dose of fructose group,high dose of fructose group,high dose of sucrose group and super high dose fructose group.Through intragastric administration give different dosage of fructose to five groups,separately gavage administration with 1 m L tap water or 1.6 g/kg,4.8 g/kg,4.5 g/kg,8.0 g/kg fructose water.The test period is 3 weeks.Dams and offspring were killed in the third weekend anesthesia.Test pregnant rats blood glucose levels and weighed weekly.2.Blood and embryo was checked about general situation of fetal rat including nidation number,number of stillbirth,absorbing birth and exterior deformation number and so on.Observe the appearance,internal organs and bone deformities.3.Weighing fetal weight and placental weight and to observe the changes of the placental organization.4.Detect the serum fructose,to observe the changes of placental vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1(s Flt-1)and nitric oxide(NO).Results 1.The pregnant rats weight of super high dose of fructose group was higher than normal dose of fructose group(P<0.05),the pregnant rats weight of high dose of fructose group,high dose of sucrose group and super high dose of fructose group was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).2.The fasting blood-glucose of high dose of fructose group,high dose of sucrose group and super high dose of fructose group was significantly higher than control group and normal dose of fructose group(P<0.05).3.The number of absorbing birth of high dose of fructose group,high dose of sucrose group and super high dose of fructose group was significantly higher than control group and normal fructose group(P<0.05),and stillbirth in high dose of fructose group and super high dose of fructose group was higher than control group and normal fructose group(P<0.05).4.The number of live birth in high dose of fructose group,high dose of sucrose group and super high dose of fructose group was higher than control group and normal dose of fructose group(P<0.05).But fructose feeding had no effect on the rate of visceral hemorrhage,appearance and bone deformities.5.The fetal weight of super high dose of fructose group was lower than control group and normal dose of fructose group(P<0.05);the placental weight of super high dose of fructose group was lower than other four groups(P<0.05).6.Placenta tissues in the control group and normal dose of fructose group under the electron microscope showed trophoblast cell has a plentiful of microvilli and has a structure between the trophoblast cells.There are abundant mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm.High dose of fructose group and high dose of sucrose group view of placenta electron microscopy show that trophoblast cell surface microvilli less and shorter,mitochondrial swelling,endoplasmic reticulum was expansion.Placenta under electron microscopy in super high dose of fructose group shows that fit between discontinuous trophoblast,organelles is thinner,intercellular space is narrow,organelles decreased,mitochondrial swelling,endoplasmic reticulum was expansion,arrange incomplete trophoblast cell monolayer,individual regions have not recognize cell structure and hierarchy.7.The level of serum fructose in high dose fructose group,high dose sucrose group was higher than control group and normal dose of fructose group(P<0.05),the level of serum fructose in super high dose fructose group was significantly higher than other four groups(P<0.05).8.The placental lever of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and nitric oxide(NO)of high dose of fructose group,high dose of sucrose group and super high dose of fructose group was significantly lower than control group and normal dose of fructose group(P<0.05).However,the placental lever of s Flt-1 in high dose fructose group,high dose of sucrose group and super high dose fructose group was significantly higher than control group and normal dose of fructose group(P<0.05).Conclusion 1.High fructose intake during pregnancy can result in risk of adverse outcomes in fetal.For example,absorbing birth and stillbirth.2.High fructose intake during pregnancy affect serum level of fructose,at the same time,due to structure change of the placenta,causing children adverse intrauterine environment.3.High fructose intake during pregnancy caused abnormal placental vascular factor,reduced levels of VEGF and NO and s Flt-1 level higher in the placenta,may be lead to adverse outcomes in the offspring,its specific mechanism needs to be further explored.