| Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM)and dietary intake,erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fatty acid spectrum.Methods:We collected 73 pregnant women with GDM and 74 healthy pregnant women with routine inspection and normal delivery during March 2016 to September 2016 at Jining No.1People’s Hospital,as the case group(GDM group)and control group(NGT group)respectively.The physiological and biochemical parameters of the participants were collected.Seven days of dietary intake were recorded and the erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography.The differences of fatty acid spectrum and dietary intake between the case and the control group were analyzed comprehensively.The risk factors of GDM were studied by using unconditional logistic regression,the association with dietary intake and erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fatty acid spectrum of GDM was analyzed by partial correlation analysis.Results:1.Compared with NGT group,the age,height,abdominal circumference,gestational age,preconception weight,prenatal weight,gestational weight gain,BMI,fetal weight,Apgar score,UA,Cr,ALB,HOMA-IR,FIns were significantly different(P < 0.05).2.Dietary intake: Protein intake of GDM group was significantly higher than NGT group(108.50 ± 19.21 g vs.99.16 ± 16.40g),fat intake of GDM group was significantly higher thanNGT group(103.53 ± 21.99 g vs.93.32 ± 18.67g)and carbohydrate intake of GDM group was significantly higher than that of NGT group(357.03 ± 51.80 g vs.292.39 ± 52.60g).The total dietary energy of GDM group was significantly higher than that of NGT group(2648.82 kcal vs.2305.42kcal);dietary intake of VitB1,VitB2,VitC,VitPP,K,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,P,threonine and energy of grain,fruit,meat,vegetables,eggs in GDM group were significantly higher than that of NGT group(P < 0.05).On the contrary,the energy of fish(90.19 kcal vs 37.73kcal)was significantly higher than that of NGT group(P < 0.05);3.Erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fatty acid spectrum: C16:0,C18:0,total SFA,n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition of NGT group were significantly higher than GDM group.Conversely,total MUFA,total PUFA,total MUFA/SFA,C22:6n-3,C18:1n-9,C22:5n-3,C22:6n-3,n-3 PUFAs composition of GDM group were significantly higher compared with NGT group.(P < 0.05);4.The risk factors of GDM: BMI ≥ 24 Kg/m2(OR = 2.874),age ≥ 30y(OR = 3.638),gestational weight gain ≥ 12.5 kg(OR = 9.201).The Protective factors: consumption of nuts ≥50 g per week(OR = 0.301).5.Insulin resistance index was positively correlated with total energy,protein,K,Ca,Mg,P,legume energy,C16:0 and n-6/n-3 PUFAs.Insulin resistance index was negatively correlated with C24:0,C20:1n-9,C22:5n-3,C22:6n-3,total PUFA,total LC-MUFA and n-3PUFAs(P < 0.05).The fasting insulin concentration was positively correlated with C16:0,C20:3n-3,n-6/n-3 PUFAs,total energy,protein,carbohydrate,K,Mg,legume energy and their energy supply ratio were positively correlated,whereas,the total of C24:0,C22:6n-3,total LC-MUFA,n-3 PUFAs were negatively correlated with fasting insulin concentration(P< 0.05).Conclusion:1.Regarding pregnant women,age ≥ 30 y,BMI ≥ 24 Kg / m2,pregnancy weight gain ≥12.5 kg might increase the risk of GDM,however,consumption of nuts ≥ 50 g per weekmight effectively prevent against GDM during pregrancy;2.Dietary characteristics of high energy,high protein,high fat,high sugar for pregnant women with GDM were significantly higher than pregnant women with NGT;3.Increased intake of unsaturated fatty acids,especially total n-3 PUFAs,and reduced SFA intake on women during pregnancy,could improve the insulin resistance index and fasting insulin level. |
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