The Research Progress On Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Kidney cancer is one of the most common genitourinary malignant tumors.Though most of the patients usually have no obvious discomfort,the presence of a abdominal mass,abdominal pain or hematuria should always prompt that the disease has progressed to advanced.Approximately up to 17% of all renal cell carcinomas have distant metastases at the time of diagnosis,while radical surgery is always useless.Metastatic renal cell carcinoma(m RCC)is an aggressive malignancy that carries a poor prognosis,and the roles of traditional radiation therapy and chemotherapy are limited.Despite immunotherapy may improve some patients' progress,the effect could not last long,and due to the serious side effects that may occur in the course of treatment have hampered the wider use of clinical.In recent years,with the advances in understanding of molecular targeted drugs,Human has officially entered the era of targeted therapy.The advents of targeted systemic therapies have revolutionized the options for treatment and improved progression free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)in patients.In this heterogeneous clinical setting,a multimodal approach for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma such as surgery,radiation therapy,immunotherapy and targeted therapies will benefit a lot.In this article we review the pathophysiology,heterogeneity,diagnosis and treatments of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.