| Objective: To establish the Agkistrodon acutus venom rat’s model,the renal pathological changes,and the renal protective effect of antivenom with hyperbaric oxygen assisted after Agkistrodon acutus envenomation were observed.Methods: 96 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into blank group,snake envenomation group,antivenom group and antivenom+HBO group.Each group had24 rats.The envenomation model were established by injection the Agkistrodon acutus venom through the tail vein.The rats in antivenom group injected specific antivenom after envenomation model.The rats in antivenom+HBO group were respectively exposed to hyperbaric oxygen cabin only once at 0 h,4 h,11 h,23 h after injecting antiveom.The control group was untreated.The blood were collected via abdominal aorta at 1 h,5 h,12 h,24 h after envenomation for coagulation function,renal function and the level of MDA and SOD.Other parts were perfused with physiological saline and paraformaldehyde by left ventricular and fixed the kidney tissue.And HE staining of the kidney were used to observe the pathological changes.Results:(1)After successful envenomation model,the rats in snake envenomation group showed dysphoria,horripilation,reduced eating and activity,hemorrhage of mucocutaneou s and viscera,hematuresis,kidney macroscopic observation has marked hyperemia.(2)Pathological changes of renal tissues: HE staining changes of rats in snake envenomation group showed glomerulus hemorrhage,renal tubular expasion,vacuole denegeration of renal tubular epithelium and falling of brush border,renal capsule expasion and the inflammary cells infiltration in renal interstitial tissue.And over time,the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells were increased and the degree of renal hemorrhage were reduced.The aboved pathological changes show significant improvement after administration with antivenom,antivenom combined with HBO at 1 h,5 h after envenomation,and the changes were more remarked in antivemon+HBO group.(3)Renal function: the value of Cr in snake envenomation group at each time point significantly increased compared with the blank group(P<0.05).It significantly reduced at 1h in antivenom group and antivenom+HBO group(P<0.05),and the latter was more obviously low than the former(P<0.05).(4)The function of blood coagulation: The value of APTT,PT in snake envenomation group at each time point significantly increased compared wtih blank group(P<0.05).It reduced in antivenom group,antivenom+HBO group compared with snake envenomation group,and it reduced more significantly in antivenom+HBO group,especially at 1 h,5 h after injecting venom(P<0.05).But the value of PT at each time point was no difference between antivenom group and antivenom+HBO group(P>0.05).The value of FIB significantly reduced in antivenom and antivenom+HBO group at 1 h after injecting venom(P<0.05),but there was no difference between them(P>0.05).(5)The values of MDA and SOD: a.MDA,The value of MDA in snake envenomation group at each time point obviously increased compared with the blank group(P<0.05).It decreased at each time point compared with snake envenomation group(P<0.05)and it decreased in antivenom+HBO group at 1 h,5 h compared with antivenom group(P<0.05).b.SOD,The value of SOD in snake envenomation group at each time point obviously increased compared with blank group(P<0.05).It increased obviously in snake envenomation group at 1 h and 5 h compared with antivenom group(P<0.05).It increased obviously in antivenom group at each time point compared with snake envenomation group(P<0.05),and the value in antivenom+HBO group increased significantly compare with antivenom group at 1 h after injecting venom(P<0.05).Conclusion: The Agkistrodon acutus venom can lead to renal damage in rats.which can ameliorated by intervention of antivenom assisted with HBO,and HBO should be used early as soon as possible. |
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