| Objective:Hand-held autorefractors such as Welch Allyn Suresight autorefractor are more and more applied to children's vision screening today since they are portable and without needing children's subjective coorperation.In this study,we measured refractive error in a group of children with using Welch Allyn Suresight 1(SS1),Suresight 2(SS2),Topcon autorefractor and retinoscopy.Data were analyzed to evaluate the repeatability and agreement of Welch Allyn Suresight 1(ss1),Suresight 2(ss2)autorefractor in measurements of refractive error as compared to the Topcon autorefractor and retinoscopy and also to evaluate the clinical application value of SS1 and SS2.Methods:51 patients(102 eyes)with refractive error from the ophthalmology of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center are included.The age range of them is 2-to 16-year-old(average age of 10.26-year-old).Excluding patients with other ocular abnormalities,eye surgery history and systemic diseases.First,the refractive error was determined in each eye by the Welch Allyn SureSight 1,Suresight 2 autorefractor and Topcon autorefractor with noncycloplegia.Second,using streak retinoscopy,measurements were performed approximately 30–45 min after cycloplegia was induced by tropicamide 0.5% ophthalmic solutions.Using the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)and the 95% limits of agreement for statistical analysis.Results:1.There were no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)in measurement s of cylinder among SS1,SS2 and Topcon autorefractor.There were statistically s ignificant difference(P?0.05)in measurements of sphere(range:-5D to +5D),sphere(range:-10 D to +5D)and cylinder axis among SS1,SS2 and Topcon autore fractor.2.Repeatability: The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)were 0.97 sphere(r ange:-5D to +5D),0.66 cylinder,0.71 cylinder axis(full)and 0.83 cylinder axis(abs(cyl)>= 0.5)for the SS1 and 0.95 sphere(range:-5D to +5D),0.97 sphere(ra nge:-10 D to +5D),0.88 cylinder,0.72 cylinder axis(full)and 0.73 cylinder axis(a bs(cyl)>= 0.5)for the SS2 and 0.99 sphere(range:-5D to +5D),0.99 sphere(rang e:-10 D to +5D),0.99 cylinder,0.83 cylinder axis(full)and 0.91 cylinder axis(abs(cyl)>= 0.5)for the Topcon autorefractor.The ICC of the three devices showed high repeatability.3.95% limits of agreement: The 95% limits of agreement were(-3.09,1.94)diopter(D)sphere(range:-5D to +5D),(-1.76,1.75)D cylinder,(-41.66,53.02)degree cylinder axis(full)and(-33.55,32.31)degree cylinder axis(abs(cyl)>= 0.5)for the SS1 and(-3.15,1.83)D sphere(range:-5D to +5D),(-2.96,2.23)D sphere(range:-10 D to +5D),(-1.26,1.27)D cylinder,(-44.69,68.35)degree cylinder axis(full)and(-38.86,45.50)degree cylinder axis(abs(cyl)>= 0.5)for the SS2 and(-2.57,0.94)D sphere(range:-5D to +5D),(-3.10,1.25)D sphere(range:-10 D to +5D),(-0.61,0.54)D cylinder,(-31.92,36.35)degree cylinder axis(full)and(-22.97,19.75)degre e cylinder axis(abs(cyl)>= 0.5)for the Topcon autorefractor.For both SS1 and SS2,the 95% limits of agreement were wider than Topcon autorefractor.Conclusion:1.Compared with Topcon Refractometer,SS1 and SS2 have a better agreem ent and repeatability in measurements of sphere with noncycloplegia.2.In the range of negative diopter measurements,compared with Topcon Ref ractometer,SS1 and SS2 also have a better agreement and repeatability.There we re no statistically significant difference in SS2 and SS1 in measurements of hyper opia.3.In measurements of cylinder,SS1 and SS2 also have a good agreement a nd repeatability.Although SS1 and SS2 performed worse than Topcon autorefracto r in the measurements of cylinder axis,the Welch Allyn sureSight autorefractor is a suitable instrument to screen refractive error in preschool children.4.This study shows that Welch Allyn Suresight autorefractor is helpful to let us have the preliminary understanding of refractive errors in children with noncy cloplegia.SS1 and SS2 also can help identify high refractive errors which may le ad to amblyopia and have great significance on further clinical treatment.Objective: Macular thicknesses and volumes were measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging in retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)treated with laser photocoagulation and compared with those of preterm infants without ROP and full-term children.To study the difference in the thickness and volume outcomes between laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity,preterm patients without ROP and full-term children.Methods: 39 patients(72 eyes)from the ophthalmology of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center were divided into three groups(group I,laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity;group II,preterm patients without ROP;group III,age-matched full-term children).16 children(26 eyes)in group I,all the eligible 26 eyes were pre-threshold or threshold retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and had been treated with laser photocoagulation successfully.7 children(14 eyes)in group II,all the eligible 14 eyes had normal-appearing posterior pole and myopia ?3 D.16 infants(32 eyes)in group III.Retinal thicknesses and volumes of the macula measured in the 6.0×6.0mm area of macula by Topcon 3D OCT-1000.Results: 1.The comparison of macular thicknesses in three groups.The foveal and para-foveal retinal thicknesses increased significantly in laser-treated ROP group compared with preterm patients without ROP group(P<0.05).Compared with full-term children group,the foveal and below foveal inner ring area(I?)retinal thicknesses were thicker in laser-treated ROP group(P<0.05).The thicknesses of other area were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).The foveal retinal thicknesses were not significantly different between preterm patients without ROP group and full-term children group(P>0.05).The para-foveal retinal thicknesses in preterm patients without ROP group were obviously thinner than full-term children group(P<0.05).2.The comparison of macular volumes in three groups.The total macular volume,foveal and para-foveal retinal volumes increased significantly in laser-treated ROP group compared with preterm patients without ROP group(P<0.05).Compared with full-term children group,the foveal and below foveal inner ring area(I?)retinal volumes were bigger in laser-treated ROP group(P<0.05).The total macular volume and volumes of other area were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).The foveal retinal volumes were not significantly different between preterm patients without ROP group and full-term children group(P>0.05).The total macular volume and para-foveal retinal volumes in preterm patients without ROP group were obviously smaller than full-term children group(P<0.05).Conclusion: 1.Compare to the full-term children group,the foveal retinal thicknesses were thinner in preterm patients without ROP group,while the para-foveal retinal thicknesses were thicker.The total macular volume and para-foveal retinal volumes were smaller in preterm patients without ROP group than in the full-term children group,while the foveal retinal volumes were bigger in preterm patients without ROP group.2.Compare to the preterm patients without ROP group,the foveal and para-foveal retinal thicknesses were thicker in laser-treated ROP group.The total macular volume,foveal and para-foveal retinal volumes were bigger in laser-treated ROP group than in preterm patients without ROP group. |
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