Changes Of CHI3L1 And CHIT1 In Saliva And Plasma Of Patients With Periodontal Diseases Before And After Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment

Background:Chronic periodontitis,one of the most common periodontal diseases,is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults with extremely high prevalance especially in developing areas.Plaque microorganisms as the starting factors cause periodontal support tissue immune response,which results to erosion of alveolar bone because of a series of inflammatory factors.It is shown that both CHI3L1 and CHIT1 are novel inflammatory biomarkers with elevated levels in a variety of inflammatory diseases,such as rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis and so on.Mounts of studies have confirmed that CHI3L1 and CHIT1 increased significantly during osteoclast differentiation and participated in osteoclast function to promote bone resorption.In addition,an evidence-based medicine suggest that saliva contains a large number of inflammatory biomarkers that may diagnose periodontal disease.Therefore,our study aims to detect the expression level of CHI3L1 and CHIT1 in saliva and plasma of patients with periodontal disease before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment,and to explore their potential role and clinical significance.Methods:1.Research objectsPeriodontally healthy(PH)individuals(n = 27),patients with chronic gingivitis(CG)(n = 17),and patients with chronic periodontitis(CP)(n = 20)were included in the study.2.Periodontal clinical parametersThe clinical measurements,consisting of gingival index(GI),bleeding on probing(BOP),probing depth(PD),clinical attachment lever(CAL)were performed by calibrated examiner using Williams probe.3.Non-surgical periodontal treatmentThe patients with CP were informed with oral hygiene training and treated with scaling and root planning(SRP).The patients with CG were informed with oral hygiene training and treated with scaling.4.Saliva and plasma samples collectionSaliva and venous blood were taken from Patients with CP and CG on their first visit and 1 month after non-surgical periodontal treatment.These samples were collected from PH individuals as well and were centrifugated and stored soon afterwards.5.Detection of levels of CHI3L1 and CHIT1The levels of CHI3L1 and CHIT1 were measured in saliva and plasma with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).6.Statistical analysisStatistical analysis was performed by parametric and non-parametric using SPSS19.0 Statistical Package Program for Windows.The statistical level of significance was defined as P<0.05.Results:1.The periodontal clinical parameters(GI,BOP positive percentage,PD,CAL)were significantly different among three groups(P<0.05).GI,BOP,and PD were statistically different in patients with chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis before and after periodontal treatment(P<0.05).2.The levels of CHI3L1 in saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis were obviously elevated compared with periodontal healthy objects and apparently reduced after periodontal non-surgical treatment(P<0.05).3.There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of CHI3L1 in the saliva of patients with chronic gingivitis compared with the healthy control group and after periodontal therapy(P>0.05).4.No significance was obtained of CHI3L1 in plasma of chronic periodontitis and chronic gingivitis(P>0.05).5.There was no significant difference in the levels of CHIT1 in saliva and plasma among each group(P>0.05).Conclusion:1.CHI3L1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and serve as a biomarker for progression of chronic periodontitis.2.The levels of CHIT1 in saliva and plasma were not statistically significant among three groups,and the expression and role of CHIT1 in periodontitis was different from that of CHI3L1.