Regulation Of Galectin-3 Gene Expression And Its Role In Lipid Metabolism

Obesity is the result of excessive deposition of fat in humans and animals,often causing metabolic diseases such as diabetes,fatty liver,and atherosclerosis.Adipose tissue plays an important role in animal and human body’s energy storage and metabolism,not only to provide a theoretical basis for the study of obesity,diabetes and other diseases,but also can provide some help for the quality of animal products.Adipose tissue regulates fat metabolism by cytokines such as Galectin-3,PPAR gamma,CRP,IL-1β and cytokines associated with fat metabolism and inflammatory factors.Therefore,the study of these factors is of vital importance.Galectin-3 is a beta galactosidase binding protein.Previous studies focused on the role of Galectin-3 in the development of tumors,heart failure,liver fibrosis and other diseases.Recent studies have shown that Galectin-3 can regulate glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism,and play an important role in the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.However,there are different reports about the effects of Galectin-3 on the regulation of lipid metabolism.Metformin is a common hypoglycemic agent for people with type two diabetes,and it also helps to lose weight.Studies have shown that Metformin can significantly inhibit the expression of Galectin-3,suggesting that Metformin may regulate lipid metabolism by regulating Galectin-3,but its specific mechanism of action has not yet been reported in depth.In this study,the Galectin-3 gene of pigs was analyzed by bioinformatics,and then the Galectin-3 gene fragment was cloned.RT-PCR was used to investigate the expression of Galectin-3 gene in tissues of pigs and rats.Treated with different concentrations of Metformin SD rats by RT-PCR and Western Blot method to investigate the expression of the relationship between Galectin-3 and related factors of fat metabolism,FABP4,CRP,PPARγ IL-1β gene,in order to further study the role of Galectin-3 in regulation of fat metabolism,regulation of human obesity and related metabolic diseases to provide more theory according to the full.The results are as follows:(1)The Galectin-3 gene of swine is 970 bp long and encodes 260 amino acid proteins.No signal peptide does not belong to transmembrane protein.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the Galectin-3 gene of pigs and rats had a close relationship with humans.(2)The length of porcine Galectin-3 gene fragment was 242 bp,and the amplification efficiency was the highest when the annealing temperature was 58.5℃.The length of Galectin-3 gene fragment in rat is 356 bp,and the amplification efficiency is the highest when the annealing temperature is 58.8℃.(3)In pigs,the expression level of Galectin-3 in adipose tissue was the highest,the middle level expressed in lung,kidney and muscle tissues,and lower in heart,liver and spleen.The expression level of Galectin-3 in lung and adipose tissue was the highest in rats,and moderately expressed in liver,spleen,kidney and muscle tissues,and the expression level was low in heart tissue.Although Galectin-3 has different levels of expression in seven tissues of pigs and rats.However,the expression levels were highest in adipose tissue and lowest in heart.These results indicate that the Galectin-3 gene has interspecific and histological differences in pigs and rats and may play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism.(4)In the presence of Metformin mRNA and protein expression of Galectin-3 in rat adipose tissue was significantly inhibited,the expression of PPAR gene and LPL fat increased significantly,the expression of FABP4 and inflammatory factor CRP,IL-1β mRNA was significantly decreased,indicating that Galectin-3 may inhibit lipogenesis by expression of PPAR gamma and its target gene at the same time;by increasing the expression of CRP and IL-1β inflammatory factors and promote fat decomposition.Thus,Galectin-3 can inhibit the anabolism of fat and play an important role in the regulation of obesity and diabetes.In summary:Galectin-3 gene exists differentially in tissues and between pigs and rats,and is expressed abundantly in adipose tissue.The regulation effect of Galectin-3 gene on expression of Galectin-3 gene may modulate PPAR and LPL gene to inhibit adipogenesis,increase the expression of FABP4,CRP,IL-1 beta gene promote lipolysis,synthesis and metabolism of inferred Galectin-3 can inhibit fat,plays an important role in diseases such as obesity and diabetes.