Studies On The Attenuation Mechanism And Quality Standards Of Halite Violaceous Prepared By Vinegar

Tibet and Mongolia mineral medicine is the experience summary accumulated by the minority people in the long-term natural survival and social practice,which is a gem in our motherland medical library.Halite Violaceous is the purple salt crystals of halide minerals,which is used to remove food retention and qi stagnation,soften hard mass,break and eliminate stagnation,mostly for loosening bowel to relieve constipation,spasmolysis and relieving pain,curing rugitus and bound.Nowadays,it still has anti-tumor application.The crude Halite Violaceous is poisonous,there may be intoxicated symptoms such as:oral burning pain,difficulty swallowing,vomiting,bloody diarrhea,fever and even in a state of unconsciousness.The toxicity could be reduced by boiling with vinegar.The facts has become the bottleneck in the development of modernization of Tibet and Mongolia mineral medicine that lacking the corresponding research towards processing attenuation mechanism and decoction pieces quality evaluation,and also lacking modern scientific arguments.Comprehensively consulting the ancient and modern literatures,the dissertation determines the name and source of Sal Ammoniac and Halite Violaceous,summarize the conclusion of the chemical composition,the toxicity,the research of processing,the pharmacologic action,the clinical applications and so on.The mineral medicine is composed of the white Sal Ammoniac and the purple Halite Violaceous which have different ingredients,and they are easy to confuse in clinical applications.Combined the previous research towards three aspects of chemistry,pharmacodynamic action and toxicity,we choose Halite Violaceous as the studying variety and optimize the best processing technology,to lay the foundation for instituting the quality standard and approaching the attenuation mechanism of Halite Violaceous cum vinegar decoction pieces.Take the method of indicator discoloration to identify the odour gas escaped during the processing course,the results show the gas is hydrogen sulfide.Take the silver nitrate titration method to compare the content of the major constituent sodium chloride in Halite Violaceous before and after processing with vinegar,the results show the contents of sodium chloride in crude and processed Halite Violaceous are both more than 85%but the content in the vinegar product is slightly higher.Take ultraviolet spectrophotometric method to compare the content of sulphur in Halite Violaceous before and after processing,the results show that the contents of sulphur are 87.75?144.56 ?g/g in crude Halite Violaceous and 19.21?28.54 ?g/g in the vinegar product,the contents in crude one are 3.79-5.34 time than in the processed one.Take methylene blue spectrophotometric method to compare the content of sulfide in Halite Violaceous before and after processing,the results show that the contents of sulfide are 0.045%?0.061%in crude Halite Violaceous but none in the vinegar product.Take the method of microwave digestion and ICP-AES to determine 26 kinds of trace elements in Halite Violaceous before and after processing with vinegar,the results show that 19 kinds of elements including Al,As,B.etc are detected without Be,Bi,Hg,Ni,Ti,V,Sn.Through processing,the harmful elements of As,Cd,Cr,Pb could be reduced and As would be reduced by 9.62 ppm at most.Accordingly,to speculate that purifying the medical material and reducing the toxic ingredients may be the material basis of Halite Violaceous processing with vinegar attenuation mechanism.Take the method of watching the reaction of mice after a single intragastric administration in 7 days to study the acute toxicity of Halite Violaceous and its vinegar product,the results show the mice orally LD50 of crude Halite Violaceous is 4.82 g/kg and the vinegar product is 5.26 g/kg,the toxicity was reduced after processing with vinegar.Take the method of checking the pathological sections of digestive organs of mice after intragastric administration of the crude Halite Violaceous,the results show the toxic site of action is in the stomach and small intestine showing corrosive mucosal stimulation.Comparing the gastrointestinal pathological sections after administration of the crude and processed medicine,the results show the vinegar product has less damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa.On this basis,comparing the change of the stomach weight and the amount of gastrointestinal PGE2,and the impact to gastric emptying and promoting small intestine after administration of the crude and processed Halite Violaceous,the results show the raw and the vinegar product both lead to the gastric body edema,the decreased amount of gastrointestinal PGE2 and can both inhibit the gastric emptying and promoting intestinal motility,but the vinegar product has weaker effect.Take the method of checking the gastrointestinal pathological sections of mice after administration of sodium chloride or sulfur solution,the results show the gastrointestinal glandular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration and partial diffuse bleeding in solarium chloride high-dose group,partial stomach cells vacuolar degeneration and submucosa edema bleeding in sulfur high-dose group.It is speculated that weakening the protective function of the gastrointestinal mucosa cells and prolonging the drug gastric residence time may be the principle of Halite Violaceous toxic effect,its main ingredient sodium chloride can aggravate the damage to the stomach and small intestine and sulfur is one of the ingredients causing the gastrointestinal toxicity of Halite Violaceous.According to the pre-optimized best process,produce ten bathes of Halite Violaceous cum vinegar decoction pieces in semi-works production.Study on the characters,identification,inspection,assaying of the decoction pieces comprehensively,and finally institute the quality standard of Halite Violaceous cum vinegar and draft the quality standard protocol.At the temperature of 40 ± 2 0C and under the condition of relative humidity of 75%± 5%,carry out the accelerated stability test with three bathes of Halite Violaceous cum vinegar decoction pieces according to 0,1,2,3,6 month interval.At the ordinary temperature,carry out the permanent stability test with another three bathes according to 0,3,6,9,12 month interval.All the results are consistent with the quality standard protocol.Based on the method of combining the determination of chemical composition and toxic effect evaluation to research the attenuation mechanism of Halite Violaceous processing with vinegar,it is the first time to compare the main ingredient before and after processing and to research the basis of its toxic substances from the perspective of harmful elements,also the first time to determine the toxic effect(corrosive mucosal stimulation)and the target site,speculating that weakening the protect function of the mucosal cells and prolonging the drug gastric residence time is the toxic principle.It is the first time to verify sulfur plays a role in the gastrointestinal toxic effects and infer the main ingredient sodium chloride may aggravate gastrointestinal injury after a large dose administration,and to make up the blank of the study of the quality standard of Halite Violaceous cum vinegar.The research method could provide a reference for the modern study of the toxic mineral medicine,to resolve problems such as lacking of stable and standard technical standards,quality standards and principle analysis in the neglected ethnic decoction pieces vocation,ensuring the intrinsic quality and the clinical efficacy,promoting and exerting the social and economic benefits of national medicine.