| This study aimed to determine the precise mechanism by which different types and different doses of ginseng play an immuno-metabolic role in healthy volunteers.Volunteers taking garden ginseng(500 mg/person),panax ginseng(500 mg/person),wild ginseng(100mg/person,200 mg/person)and ginsenoside(100 mg/person,300 mg/person and 500mg/person),the detection of cytokines and metabolic network flux,and center the change of the activities of enzymes in metabolic pathways,building a significant change of cytokines by intercellular communication network which is formed by the circulatory system(cellcell communication(CCC)network)and metabolic network,and to analyze the relationship between the two networks,to explore the ginseng on the regulation of metabolism of the body’s immune function.The results showed that different types and different doses of ginseng can significantly change the circulatory system of a variety of cytokines.Taking garden ginseng(500 mg/person)by changing cytokine such as IL-1RA↑ to promote cells of the innate immune,T cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity mediated by B cell.Metabolic flux analysis results show that the process relies on the lactic acid flux(aerobic glycolysis:increased from 42.27 to 176.94).Taking 500 mg/person of panax ginseng mainly by changing the cytokine such as sCD40L↑ to promote the innate immune cells and T cell-mediated immunity,lower B cellmediated humoral immune function.However,500 mg/person of panax ginseng is not dependent on aerobic glycolysis(reduced from 42.27 to 42.27),and mainly depends on increasing the PPP pathway(increased from 15.37 to 63.93),TCA and oxidative phosphorylation.Taking 100 mg/person wild ginseng is mainly by changing the cytokines GRO↑,IL1-β↑ to promote innate immune cells,and T cell-mediated immune cells,lower B cellmediated humoral immune function.100 mg/person wild ginseng is not dependent on aerobic glycolysis(reduced from 42.27 to 42.27),but mainly rely on increasing the PPP pathway(increased from 15.37 to 62.43),TCA and oxidative phosphorylation.The alteration trend of wild ginseng with 200mg/person was the same as the 100mg/person dose,but the strength is better than the 100mg/person ginseng,energy provider for glucose decomposition and oxidative phosphorylation.Taking 100 mg/person ginsenoside can change such as IL1-RA↑ 、 IL-1α↑ 、 GCSF↑、TGF-α↑、IL-3↑、FIt-3L↑、GM-CSF↑、IL-2↑、IL-4↓、IL-5↓、IL-10↓ cytokines,promotion of innate immunity and T cell-mediated cellular immunity,and promote the proliferation of stem cell,hematopoietic cell and immune cell,while lowering B cell-mediated humoral immunity.Metabolic flux analysis results show that the process relies on the lactic acid flux(aerobic glycolysis:increased from 42.27 to 49.33).Taking300 mg/person ginsenoside mainly by changing such as cytokines IL1-RA↑、IL-1α↑、GCSF↑、TGF-α↑、IL-3↑、FIt-3L↑、GM-CSF↑、IL-4↓、IL-5↓、IL-6↓,the promotion of innate immunity and T cell-mediated cellular immunity,while lowering B cell-mediated humoral immunity,but the process is not dependent on aerobic glycolysis(reduced from42.27 to 42.27),but depends on the increase the PPP approach(increased from 15.37 to75.64),β-oxidation of fatty acid and ketone body metabolism(metabolic flux increased from 0.25 to 0.43).The alteration trend of ginsenoside with 500mg/person was the same as the 300mg/person dose,but not as strong.Energy was found mainly dependent on the oxidative phosphorylation of glucose,and not on the ketone metabolism(decreasing from0.25 to-0.98).These results suggested that the immune response activity could be independent of aerobic glycolysis,whereas cell proliferation depended on aerobic glycolysis as the basis for protein and fatty acid synthesis.CCC and metabolic network and their correlation analysis can quantitatively describe the in vivo immuno-metabolism regulation and mechanisms of ginseng. |
PDF Full Text Request