| Objective: Smoking is a commonly social problem,and heavy smoking results from human reliance on nicotine.The current study clearly showed that long-term reliance on nicotine was harmful to cardiovascular and pulmonary function,but the study of nicotine’s effects on cognitive functions,including emotion,memory,attention,is still under study.The purpose of this study was to explore the effects on smoking on the functions of attention,find out the event-related potentials of Visual Preattentional processing among Smoking,and to provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the influence of smoking on brain function.Methods: The researcher selected healthy male volunteers(45-65years)as research targets from Medical Examination Dept in The second people’s hospital of NeiJiang,SiChuan,among whom 21non-smokers were in the normal control group,44 heavy-smokers who have been smoking for over 20 years and smoked over 20 cigarettes per day were in the observation group,20 long-term smokers who didn’t smoked within 2 hours before the experiment were called the smoking observation group,and 24long-term smokers who smoked within 15 minutes before the experiment were called post-smoking group.All of them were evaluated by MMSE,Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale.All the patients were enrolled into the group after the screening,and the others were excluded.Neurological,psychiatric and serious medical history of the disease,using E-prime software oddballparadigm visual stimulus,requiring subjects to watch the stimulus picture,in the visual field to stimulate the red target image immediately press the button,E-prime software records the response time when the volunteers presses the key and analyses the correct rate.At the same time,the EEG data were recorded and synchronized by BP Brain Vision Recorder 32 and the event-related potentials were analyzed by Analyzer 2.0 after being stored.The behavioral data(key reaction time and accuracy),amplitude(Amp)and peak latency(PL)of Visual mismatch negativity(vMMN)were analyzed statistically.The statistical methods used in this trial are: T test,variance analysis or rank sum test.Results: There was no significant difference between the normal control group and the post-smoking observation group in the key reaction time and correct rate(P>0.05).There was significant difference in the key reaction time between observation group before smoking and normal control group and after smoking observation group(P <0.05).The amplitude of vMMN was decreased in all the experimental groups,the decrease of normal control group had significant difference between the others(P <0.05).There was no significant difference in the latency of vMMN peak in each group(P> 0.05).Conclusion: 1.Long-term smokers have obstacles in the visual pre-attention to automatic processing.2.VMMN,as an electrophysiological indicator,can reflect the pre-attention to automatic processing obstacles more sensitively than the others.3.The response time of the long-term smokers was prolonged,and the correct rate was decreased.4.Short-term nicotine stimulation may partiallyimprove the long-term smokers’ prior attention to automatic processing. |
