| The use of decoction for thousands of years shows that acquiring the effective substances from the water extract of Chinese herbs can best reflect its safety and effectiveness,so the water extract of Chinese herbs should be the material basis of studying and exploiting Chinese medicine.At present,the vast majority of Chinese medicine manufacturers take water decoction as the basic extraction process,while in Japan,almost all of Chinese medicine is extracted by water.How to obtain effective substances in scientific and economical way from water extract is the key technology to be solved urgently in Chinese medicine industry.Membrane separation,as a high-tech in Chinese medicine pharmaceutical industry,has unique advantages in the separation,concentration,purification and refining of water extract of Chinese herbs.As always,scholars devoted themselves to the application study of membrane separation of extract of Chinese herbs mostly,in contrast,the further study of mechanism system is inferior by comparsion.This is not due to the reason that membrane separation is a new-developing technology in Chinese medicine industry.What's more,the water exact of Chinese herbs is a polybasic,unknow and extremely complicated system itself.These make the relevant study of mechanism system become extremely difficult,the theory study of hysteresis and tardinese will lead to serious restriction in the optimal design of membrane separation application system.Therefore,it is essential to study the existence state of the substance(mainly include micromolecule pharmacodynamic group and generality macromolecule)in the water exact of Chinese herbs and explore its membrane separation mechanism.In this paper,the concept of multiscale is introduced into the field of membrane separation of Chinese medicine for the first time,it has investigated the liquor state and its separation characteristic of uitrafitration process of Huanglian jiedu decoction as well as its simulative system through multi-scale feature of the membrane separation process in the water exact of Chinese herbs,it will lay the good foundation for the relevant study of membrane separation on mechanism in the future,and it also provides some ideas for the study on separation of the other preparations.Firstly,we selected Huanlian Jiedu decoction as object of this study to explore its centrifugal condition and chromatographic condition,so that we could choose the suitable method for pretreatment,the content of the main four micromolecule and three macromolecule were determined as well as related simulation solution was prepared accordingly.Then the stability of the water exact was investigated,at the same time,we explored the poresize,hydrophily properties and hydration shell of RC1K and RC5K membranes respectively.It was found that the centrifugal condition of 10000 r/min,10 min,5? was useful for the pretreatment before ultrafiltration.In addition,the contents of berberine,baicalin,gardenoside,palmatine,protein,pectin,starch were 201.40,110.00,320.30,163.40,117.25,789.11,9295.2?g/mL,respectively.What's more,when the temperature was 25? and time was no more than 8 h,the ultrafiltration process was more stable.Furthermore,the poresize ranges of RC1K and RC5K membranes were 0.3-2.1 nm,0.4-3.7 n,,respectively.And the RC membrane belonged to strong hydrophilic membrane material,its hydration shell was very thin.What's more,We selected Huanlian Jiedu decoction and its simulation solution as object of this study,their relative flux,permeation and absorption rate of micromolecue,rejection and absorption of macromolecule,resistance distribution,turbidity,size distribution and SEM were investigated,for studying the ultrafitration process and trans-mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu decoction and its simulation solution on RC1K and RC5K membranes.The study was found that the permeation rate of different micromolecues had it's own characterastics.The permeation rate of micromolecue simulation solution was that:berberine ? palmatine>gardenoside>baicalin,However,after adding the macromolecue,the result of permeation rate of simulation solution was that:gardenoside>berberine ? palmatine>baicalin,the result of Huanglian Jiedu decoction was that:gardenoside>berberine ? palmatine>baicalin.The study indicated that the result of micromolecule + macromolecule simulation solution basically was agree with Huanglian Jiedu decoction on membrane separation,the membrane characteristics of micromolecules in compound solution could be indirectly predicted by the mixed simulation system.However,the laws of membrane processes of the same kind micromolecules were similar,this remained to be further validated.We also found that macromolecules had different effects on micromolecules passing through membranes:the permeation rate of gardenoside was unacted on macromolecue almostly,the charactistic of membrane separation between berberine and palmatine was similar,both of their permeation rates reduced observably,while the permeation rate of baicalin in macromolecue solution increased largely.In addition,the membrane pollution of starch was the most serious among the three macromolecules,it was the main material that caused the decrease of membrane flux and permeation rate of micromolecue.The rejection rate of pectin was the highest and the membrane pollution was the least.The concentration of portein in the simulation solution and Huanlian Jiedu decoction was too low to get definitely conclusion.Finally,low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular simulation technology were used to explore the membrane separation mechanism of four small molecules on the microscopic level for the first time.The results showed that the motion capacity of small molecules in aqueous solution was as follows:palmatine>gardenoside ? baicalin>berberine,and the adsorption energy of cellulose on the four small molecules was as follows:baicalin>gardenoside>palmatine>berberine.Studies had shown that the permeation rate of small molecules in the same kind of ultrafiltration membrane was codetermined by its interaction with the surface of the membrane and its presence in the solution. |
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