| Background and ObjectiveEsophageal cancer is the fourth leading global malignancy,according to the data statistics report,5-year survival rate of esophageal cancer at 30%(15% ~ 42%).Esophagus with coating squamous epithelium is given priority to,so the primary tumor in squamous cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)is the most rare.Lin County is a high incidence of esophageal cancer in henan province in China,relative to other incidence on malignant tumor,esophageal cancer mortality is significantly higher than the average level of the region.In terms of the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer,increased formation of a certain factor in the body's metabolic activity will affect the normal metabolic processes,resulting in cellular level or the gene level pose a threat to the whole body of the steady state,thus appear tumor samples.As a result,the tumor gene mutations is the key to the study of tumor development,this study selects the PKM2 and USP18 as immune index for exploratory research on development of esophageal squamous carcinoma.M2 pyruvate kinase(PKM2)as the most important enzyme in glycolytic pathway,can play a key role of control in the process of glycolysis,at the same time supply energy and raw materials for the growth of tumor cell,also played a regulation role in the growth of tumor cell cycle.Ubiquitin specific protease 18(USP18)as a kind of interferon induced genes,in the human body environment mainly plays the role of ubiquitin in the human body environment,damaged tissues can be connected with ISG15(class ubiquitin interferon stimulated genes)as a formation of ubiquitin compounds after recognition by the body,which are cleared by phagocytes or hydrolytic enzyme degradation,and USP18 would block ISG15 to give a play to the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome change,to prevent the target cells from the damage,causing damaged cells in the body accumulation not clear in time,the tumor cells are in enriched environment,to promote the process of tumor heterogeneity effect,thus to promote the growth of tumor metabolism.Looking for biological markers in recent years becomes the understanding of the tumor pathogenesis of esophageal cancer and to explore the early screening indexes and targeted therapy for esophageal cancer research focus in the site,it can make early diagnosis of esophageal cancer and at the same time explore the origin and development of esophageal cancer at the same time to make early diagnosis of esophageal cancer,then to improve the survival rate.So we can fundamentally curb the occurrence of esophageal cancer,if we make it clear the abrupt change point of the tumor.And we can also reverse the phenomenon of monoclonal hyperplasia of tumor cells,from the perspective of molecular monoclonal phenomenon.It would has a trend of tumor cells apoptosis,adjust the metabolism of normal cells for regular.We are able to respond to the medical goal of "early detection,early diagnosis,early treatment",and it play a decisive role for improving the survival rates of patients with esophageal cancer,reduce the fatality rate in patients.It is also have guidance effect to the clinical treatment effect of esophageal cancer.By means of the immunohistochemical technique to observe the expression of type M2 pyruvate kinase(pyruvate kinase M2,PKM2)and Ubiquitin specific protease 18(Ubiquitin specific protease 18,USP18)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues,normal esophageal mucosa tissues and squamous intraepithelial lesion tissues(Low-grade and High-grade).Analysis USP18 and PKM2 in each phase of the squamous epithelium and different differentiation degree,infiltration depth,such as age,sex,lymph node metastasis cases to express the difference of the situation,whether the expression difference was observed with the process of esophagus hyperplasia and clinical indicators,to explore the PKM2 and USP18 in advancing its effect in the process of esophageal cancer has a great help.Methods1.First of all,60 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed by pathology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to December 2015 were selected,all of the cases were esophageal specimens after operation,routine pathological examination,There were clear tumor size,location,degree of differentiation,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,and whether or not the edge was clean in this report.In addition,selecte 60 cases of normal esophageal mucosa and 60 cases were diagnosed as squamous intraepithelial lesion tissues(30 cases of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion tissues,30 cases of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion).2.Using the immunohistochemical technique to esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues,squamous intraepithelial lesion tissues and normal esophageal mucosa tissues of USP18 and PKM2 dyeing experiment,in strict accordance with the SP immunohistochemical staining method steps of two.PKM2 immune markers positive control in gastric adenocarcinoma tissue and immune markers USP18 positive control in liver cancer tissue and the positive staining in the nucleus and cytoplasm,negative control were without a stain resistance of esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues.3.Statistical processing: using SPSS 17.0 statistical software analysis processing,to carcinoma,esophageal squamous intraepithelial lesion tissue,normal esophageal mucosa tissue and the esophageal tissue under different clinical indicators to separate two sets of binary classification and multiple sets of binary classification comparison,inspection level will be subject to ?=0.05.Results1.The positive expression rate of PKM2 in esophageal squamous carcinoma,esophageal squamous intraepithelial lesion tissue and normal esophageal mucosa tissues were respectively 63.3%,30% and 11.7%,and comparison between the three groups,the difference is statistically significant(?2=36.19,P<0.05).Thus it can be seen,the expression of PKM2 in esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues were significantly higher in the squamous intraepithelial lesion tissues,and also which is expressed in normal esophageal mucosa tissues.In addition,the The positive expression rate of PKM2 in the low level and high level of squamous epithelial hyperplasia tissues were 16.7% and 43.3%,respectively,the difference is statistically significant(?2=5.08,P<0.05).2.The positive expression rate of USP18 in esophageal squamous carcinoma,esophageal squamous intraepithelial lesion tissues and normal esophageal mucosa tissues were respectively 65%,31.7% and 3.3%,and comparison between the three groups,the difference is statistically significant(?2=51.45,P<0.05).It follows that,the expression of USP18 in esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues were significantly higher in the squamous intraepithelial lesion tissues,and also which is expressed in normal esophageal mucosa tissues.furthermore,the The positive expression rate of USP18 in the low level and high level of squamous intraepithelial lesion tissues were 23.3% and 40.0%.Although positive expression has a tendency to increase gradually,but unlike PKM2,the positive expression of USP18 at low level and high level in squamous intraepithelial lesion tissue has a small difference,there was no statistically significant difference(?2=1.93,P>0.05).3.Will be diagnosed cases of esophageal squamous carcinoma according to the different clinical indicators(tumor infiltration depth,differentiation degree,age,gender,presence of lymph node metastasis)to classify.PKM2 and USP18 respectively in different clinical indicators of esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues expression differences had no statistical significance(P>0.05),showed that different clinical parameters for PKM2 and USP18 expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas of the high and low impact is not big.ConclusionPKM2 and USP18 positively correlated with esophageal squamous epithelium heterogeneous process.This is explained that PKM2 and USP18 has a great role on the development of esophageal cancer,PKM2 and USP18 can both be immune markers as indicators of the pathological diagnosis of esophageal cancer. |
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