Clinical Significance Of BANCR Expression In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

BackgroundEsophageal cancer is the world’s eighth largest malignant tumor,and the tumor related mortality ranked sixth.Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and adenocarcinoma(EAC)were classified according to histological classification.In Asia,especially in China,ESCC is the main type of organization.Esophageal cancer is one of the most deadly malignancies worldwide,and the incidence of the disease has risen sharply over the past few decades.Although the management and treatment of patients with esophageal cancer has improved,the 5 year survival rate(less than 10%)and the survival rate of esophageal cancer after eradication(below 15-40%)are still low.Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage,mainly due to a lack of typical symptoms.In order to improve the efficacy of postoperative patients,these patients are often treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy(NCRT)in order to reduce tumor size.However,NCRT may enhance toxicity and delay the timing of surgery for patients with poor response to NCRT.Therefore,it is important to find biomarkers that can predict or distinguish patients with good response to NCRT,which will be of great value to help doctors make clinical decisions.In summary,the poor prognosis and high incidence of esophageal cancer suggest that it is necessary to study the mechanism of occurrence and development of the disease..Identification of susceptibility genes and biomarkers can help predict the patient’s response to treatment and improve their survival rates.For a long time,the study of disease focused on coding genes.In 2002,Japanese scientists first proposed the definition of long chain non coding RNA.Long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs)are transcribed RNA molecules > 200 nucleotides(nt)in length that lack the ability of non coding protein.Its structure is similar to messenger RNA,most of which are transcribed by RNA polymerase,through splicing,modifying and so on.The main site is in the nucleus.It has been considered as a by-product in the transcription process,and its value has not been paid attention to by researchers.With the development of gene microarray technology and highthroughput sequencing technology,more and more long noncoding RNA are found.A large number of data indicate that Lnc RNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis and development.They can regulate the expression of genes in many aspects,such as epigenetics,transcription and post transcription.In 2012,scientists found a long chain of non coding RNA in melanoma cells,which is located on chromosome 9,length of 693 bp,named BRAF gene activation of non coding RNA(BRAF-activated noncoding RNA,BANCR).In the experiment,the researchers found BANCR by sequencing the between BRAF600 E expression and BRAF600 E negative in the normal melanocytes and the BRAF600 E mutation of two melanocytes.It was found that the expression was up-regulated in the tumor cells,which affected the invasion and migration of tumor cells.Since the discovery of BANCR,more and more researches have been done.The expression in thyroid papillary carcinoma,lung cancer,bladder cancer and gastrointestinal tumors and others is abnormal,and is closely related to tumor development and prognosis.We found that BANCR mediated MEK/ERK signaling pathway induced epithelial mesenchymal transition(epithelial-mesenchymal,transition,EMT)in the further study of the mechanism of BANCR,thus promting the invasion and migration of tumor cells and affecting the prognosis of the patients.At present,it is not clear whether BANCR is involved in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.Through the study on the detection the expression of BANCR in 92 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases,we explore its correlation with clinical pathological features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,which may provides a new potential method for the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.ObjectiveTo explore the expression of BANCR in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and to analyze its clinical significance.MethodsThe expression of BANCR was examined by quantitative real-time-PCR in 92 ESCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues.The relationship between the expressions of BANCR and the clinicopathologieal factors and patient prognosis of ESCC was analyzed by statistical methods.Results:BANCR was overexpressed significantly in ESCC tissues compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues(P < 0.05).High expression of BANCR was associated with tumor size(P = 0.022),lymph node metastasis(P= 0.032)and TNM stage(P = 0.015),but not with age,gender,tumor site and distant metastasis;The group with BANCR high expression level had significant shorter survival time than that with low BANCR expression level.ConclusionBANCR is highly expressed in ESCC tissues and its highly expression is correlation with tumor size,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage.The higher the expression level of BANCR,the worse prognosis of patients,it may be involved in the progression and metastasis of ESCC.