Vitamin K₁ Content In Soybeans And Its Products And Investigation On Dietary Vitamin K₁ Intake Of Lactational Women During Puerperium In Shenyang

ObjectiveTo investigate the dietary intake and sources of vitamin K1 of the puerperal lactational women in Shenyang.Vitamin Ki content of soybean oils,soybeans and its products were determined.The findings of this study may give some useful information for a reasonable dietary of the population.Methods1.Measurement of vitamin Ki content of soybean oils,soybeans and its productsSamples of soybean oil,soybean,brine tofu,gypsum tofu,lactone tofu,soybean milk,dry bean-curd and bean-curd puff were purchased from retail stores in Shenyang.All samples were processed by solid-phase extraction,vitamin Ki content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.2.Investigation on dietary vitamin Ki intake of lactational women during puerperium122 lactational women,aged(30.9±3.5)years,were enrolled in 2016 in Shenyang.Total daily intakes was assessed by 3-day weighted dietary recorded during 20-25 days of puerperium.Dietary data were analysed by a nutrient analysis program(Nutrition Star,Zhending,Shanghai).Vitamin K1 intake was estimated.Vitamin K1 content values obtained from Chinese,American,Japanese data of vitamin Ki composition of a comprehensive rang of foods.The results were compared with Chinese Lactational Women Dietary guidelines(2016)and Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(2013).Results1.Vitamin K1 content of soybean oils,soybeans and its productsVitamin K1 content of soybean oil,soybean,bean-curd puff,dry bean-curd,bri-ne tofu,gypsum tofu,lactone tofu,soybean milk was(140.9±34.0)?g/100g,(48.2±5.5)?g/100g,(114.4±38.6)?g/100g,(27.8±5.7)?g/100g,(13.8±3.2)?g/100g,(10.7±1.4)?g/100g,(4.7±2.8)?g/100g,(3.5±0.8)?g/100g,respectively.2.Dietary pattern of lactational women during puerperiumThe intakes of cereal,animal products,vegetables,fruits,dairy products,oils,soybean products,nuts accounted for 128.8%,173.8%,53.4%,70.9%,26.9%,163.8%,29.4%,72.4%of dietary reference intakes,respectively.31 participants(25.4%)and 2 participants(1.6%)had no fruits and vegetables intake,respectively.Mean intake of soup was(378.6±379.7)g/d.3.Energy and main nutrients of lactational women during puerperiumThe average intake of daily intake of energy was 11435.4KJ,the intakes of protein,fat energize,carbohydrate energize,vitamin E,zinc was accounting for 156.0%,37.0%,48.2%,292.9%,123.5%of dietary reference intakes,respectively.While the average intake of dietary fiber,calcium,vitamin A,vitamin C was accounting for 62.1%,55.6%,54.0%,69.5%of dietary reference intakes,respectively.4.Dietary vitamin K1 intake and sources of lactational women during puerperiumThe median intake of vitamin K1 was 215.1?g/d(119.9,337.9?g/d),the average intake of vitamin K1 was(251.6±86.7)?g/d(1.5?1013.1?g/d),17.2%of these lactational women had lower vitamin Ki intake than AI.29.5%of participants was higher vitamin K1 intake than 300?g/d.Main source for vitamin Ki in the diet were vegetables and oils,82%and 11%of total vitamin K1 intake.Vitamin K1 supplying vegetables was green leaf vegetables,contributing to vitamin Ki 65.8%of total vegetables.Small Chinese cabbage was most important source in green leaf vegetables contributing to 40.7%.5.The influence factors of vitamin K1 intake of lactational women during puerperiumEducational background had a significant impact on vitamin K1 intake P<0.05).No significant different was found among age,family income,season,vitamin K1 supplement,caregiver and baby order.Age and caregiver had a significant impact on vitamin K1 intake in multiple linear regression model.Conclusions1.The vitamin K1 was rich in soybean oils,soybeans and its products in Shenyang.2.It was unreasonable of dietary pattern of lactational women during puerperium in Shenyang,excessive intake of cereal,meets,poultry,eggs,fish and oils.Intake of vegetables,fruit,dairy products,soybean products,nuts was not enough.3.Vitamin K1 intake in lactational women during puerperium in Shenyang is optimal,characterized by large variation range.The main source of vitamin K1 is green leaf vegetables.The influence factors of the vitamin K1 intake are age and caregiver.