Effect Of Zinc And Iron Fertilizer On Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat

Wheat is China’s third largest food crop,and it is China’s main ration,commodity grain and strategic grain storage.Its increase in production is closely related to food supply and food security,and it is of vital importance to China’s agricultural development and people’s lives.Zinc and iron are essential trace elements in the human body’s growth and development.They are of great significance to human life and closely related to human health.Therefore,in order to clarify the effect of zinc-iron fertilizer on the grain yield and quality of winter wheat,a wheat-maize intercropping experiment was conducted at the Doucou Wheat and Maize Comprehensive Experimental Demonstration Station of Northwest A&F University.The Xinong 805 was used as a test material,and a two-factor split-zone design was used.Three types of zinc-iron fertilizers(22.5 kg·ha^-1,37.5 kg·ha^-1,52.5 kg·ha^-1)were used as the main areas,and 4 types were used.The proportions of zinc-iron fertilizers（4Zn:1Fe,3Zn:2Fe,2Zn:3Fe,1Zn:4Fe）were used as sub-regions to study the effects of zinc-iron fertilizer on the physiological characteristics,yield,quality,and contents of trace elements in winter wheat.Below are key research findings:1.With the advancement of the growing period,the SPAD value of the flag leaf increased first and then decreased.The highest value was at the early stage of grain filling.The net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf at the filling stage was higher than that of the flowering stage;the SPAD value of the wheat flag leaf with zinc and iron fertilizer was higher.The leaf functional period was prolonged and the net photosynthetic rate was increased.The proportion of SPAD and net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf was relatively the same,namely 1Zn:4Fe,and the SPAD value of the flag leaf was different under different zinc-iron ratios.The maximum amount of application is different.Under the conditions of 52.5 kg·ha^-1and 1Zn:4Fe,the SPAD and the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf reached the highest.It can be seen that this combination is beneficial to the dry matter accumulation of Xinong 805.2.The accumulation of dry matter in winter wheat after flowering continued to increase,and it increased rapidly in 0-20 days after anthesis,and it increased slowly from 20 days after flowering to maturity,which was higher than that of the control.Under different application rates,the proportion of higher dry matter accumulation after anthesis was different,indicating that different zinc and iron application rates and proportions may be different in optimizing the interaction of dry matter accumulation after anthesis,and the application amount is 52.5kg·ha^-1,2Zn:3Fe treatment had the highest accumulation of dry matter after anthesis.The grain filling characteristics study showed that the grain filling process of winter wheat showed an"S"curve,and the application rate had no significant effect on the grain filling rate.The effect of zinc and iron ratios on grain filling rate was different due to different growth periods.The specific expression was:4Zn:1Fe and 3Zn:2Fe mainly affect the early grain filling stage,while 2Zn:3Fe and 1Zn:4Fe affect the late grain filling stage.3.The application of zinc-iron fertilizer can increase the yield and grain number per spike;under the application of 52.5 kg·ha^-11 and 1Zn:4Fe,the yield and panicle number of wheat reached the highest,which was 9909.91 kg·ha^-11 respectively.Six million eight hundred and eighty-two spikes per ha,the yield increased by 11.5%,and the spike number increased by 34.7%,but the effect on grain weight varies with zinc and iron.The application of zinc-iron fertilizer can increase the protein content,wet gluten content and sedimentation value of winter wheat grain,and the content is highest under the application of 52.5 kg·ha^-1and 1Zn:4Fe.The bulk density and maximum tensile resistance of grain can be reduced.;And there was no significant effect on water absorption,starch content and flour yield.On the whole,Xiongnong 805 had higher yield and quality under the application of 52.5 kg·ha^-1and1Zn:4Fe.4.The application of zinc-iron fertilizer can effectively increase grain zinc content.At each application rate,the effect of zinc-iron fertilizer ratio on zinc content in grain was:1Zn:4Fe>4Zn:1Fe>3Zn:2Fe>2Zn:3Fe>CK;and in the application of 52.5 kg·ha^-1,1Zn:4Fe treatment of the highest content of 28.20 mg·kg^-1,compared with the control increased by59.4%.The effect of zinc-iron fertilizer on the iron content of the grain was lower than that of the control.In conclusion,the application of zinc and iron fertilizers can increase grain zinc content.