Effects Of The Organic Matter Improvement On Nutrient Utilization Of Apple Orchard With Growth And Fruit Quality In Arid Regions

Soil organic matter content is the foundation of soil fertility and structure,and is the basic condition for producing high quality fruit.This study with“Fuji”apple as experimental materials.The organic matter of fruit and wood plus bacteria and seedling substrate were used as organic fertilizer.The effects of organic matter on soil physical and chemical properties,growth and fruit quality of orchard were studied.It was aim to provide reasonable theoretical basis and technical support for increasing the organic matter of orchard soil in loess plateau.Main research results are as follows:1?Both organic matter treatment can significantly improve the soil moisture content of the orchard 0⁴0cm and reduce the soil pH,thus promoting the absorption of fruit trees.In the soil layer,both organic matter treatment can significantly improve the content of soil organic matter and instant nutrient.The effect of organic matter with bacteria on soil organic matter and instant nutrient content was obvious.Organic matter content and available nutrient content declined along with soil depth decreasing under the condition of two kinds of organic matter.2?The results show that the number of bacteria was the largest which was followed by actinomycetes and the number of fungi was the least in topsoil of the orchard soil in soil layer of 0⁶0cm.Compared with the CK,The effect of organic matter with bacteria on the number of soil microorganism in topsoil was increased to a significant level.Soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes increased by 82.29%,140.91%and 89.23%respectively in Luochuan experimental area.Soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes increased by 133.44%?119.44%and60.76%respectively in Guzui experimental area.The results of seedling matrix treatment were secondary.3?Compared with the CK,the soil urease and sucrase activity were significantly different,the alkaline phosphatase and catalase was not different in the treatment of organic matter with bacteria and Nursery substrates.Soil urease and sucrase increased by 14.71%and4.76%respectively in the treatment of organic matter with bacteria in Luochuan experimental area,Soil urease and sucrase increased by 19.56%and 5.83%respectively in the treatment of organic matter with bacteria in Guzui experimental area.The results of seedling matrix treatment were secondary.4?The composition of branches in different organic matter treatment modes was optimized.The proportion of medium and short branches increased.The proportion of turion was decreased.The number of root system and the fruit rate of the following year increased significantly.There was no significant difference between the treatment and control in many indexes of leaves.Compared to under different organic matter processing,Luochuan dwarf cultivation test area no significant change in the fruit shape index,fruit weight and soluble solids have increased significantly,the fruit titratable acid and hardness decreased significantly.There was no significant difference in soluble solids,titrable acids and fruit shape index in the Guzui experiment area,the weight of single fruit increased and the hardness decreased.The contents of N,P and K in fruits,leaves and shoots were not significantly different from those in the control group except the contents of nitrogen in shoots and leaves of Luochuan area.Isotope tracer test showed that the organic matter increased the Luochuan dwarf nutritional duty ability cultivation of fruit trees and root absorption capacity,there was no significant difference of ¹⁵N contentdifference between treatment and control in Guzui area.To sum up,the application of organic soil in orchards can significantly improve soil moisture content,organic matter,available nutrient content,increase soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass and improve the growth condition of the tree with the fruit quality.