| Wheat is the main food crop in China.How to maximize the potential of wheat production in order to achieve the goal of high-yield,high-quality,and high-efficiency cultivation of wheat is an important issue that researchers must urgently solve.In order to speed up the promotion of the new winter wheat variety Xinong 805 in the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi,the study used Xinong 805,which was selected from the cold-wheat research group of our school,as the test material,and five planting densities were set at 150 kg·ha-1?A?,187.5 kg·ha-1?B?,225 kg·ha-1?C?,262.5 kg·ha-1?D?,285 kg·ha-1?E?,and studied different sowing densities for Xinong 805 agronomy Traits,physiological characteristics,yield,and quality.The study obtained the following important results:1.The number of secondary roots of Xinong 805 at different planting densities from winter to jointing stage showed an increasing trend.The number of secondary roots at the jointing stage of the five planting densities increased by 110.95%,174.88%,162.14%,223.73%and 144.66%,respectively,over the wintering period.The increase in density D was the largest,while the number of secondary roots in wintering and jointing stages showed the highest density A,which was significantly higher than other treatments.With the increase of sowing density,the total number of stem populations in each period of Xinong 805 also increased.The highest stem growth rate of winter wheat to jointing stage was the density A,which was 20.52%,which was significantly higher than other treatments.The mortality rate of stem borer during mature period was significantly higher than that of other treatments,which was 70.26%;Xinong 805 showed that density E was significantly higher than other treatments in the number of basic seedlings,total stems before winter,and the largest population during jointing period.However,there was no significant difference in panicle number between treatments,and the spike rate of density A was significantly higher than that of other treatments.Specific density B,C,D,and E increased by 10.2%,21.53%,26.60%,and 24.93%,respectively.After the jointing stage,the dry matter of density A maintained a steady growth trend,and the dry matter in each period was higher than other treatments.2.The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of Xinong 805 at the grain filling stage was higher than that of the flowering stage under different sowing densities.The sowing density was increased by 23.39%,21.17%,11.75%,4.61%,and 22.86%,respectively,in comparison with the anthesis at the different sowing densities;The net photosynthetic rate at the density A was the largest,and increased by 1.50%,9.90%,15.93%,and 1.44%compared with the density B,C,D,and E,respectively.The highest peak of the SPAD value of flag leaf of Xinong 805 in different planting densities appeared in the early stage of grain filling,and the SPAD value of density A in each period of wheat growth was higher than other treatments.The top three clover LAI of Xinong 805 reached the maximum at the jointing stage under five planting densities,and then gradually decreased along with the progress of fertility.The LAI of the top tri-leaf with density A was the highest in each period.The grain filling rate of each density treatment showed a“slow-fast-slow”growth trend,with a daily increase in the1000-grain weight of the density A in the early and middle grouting periods,and a high daily increase in the 1000-grain weight of the density B and the density E in the late filling stage.After 35 days,the daily growth of 1000-grain weight of density E reached 1.13 g/d/1000grains,but still the largest grain weight in density A was 4.35%,6.94%,2.54%,and 2.79%,higher than the densities B,C,D,and E,respectively.3.The five planting densities were the highest in density A,which was 8181.33 kg·ha-1,which was 5.02%,19.9%,14.38%,and 5.3%higher than the yields of the other four treatments.The study found that different planting densities eventually resulted.There was no significant difference in the number of effective panicles,but there were significant differences in the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight,all of which showed that the density A was significantly higher than other sowing densities.The sowing density had no significant effect on the grain protein content of Xinong 805,but had a significant effect on grain hardness,sedimentation value,water absorption,ductility,maximum tensile resistance and starch content,and all showed that density A was significantly higher than other treatments. |
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