Effects Of Strain H18-1-1 Of Trichoderma And Strain QM-6 Of Phosphate-solubilizing Penicillium On The Management Of Wheat Diseases And The Promotion Of Wheat Growth Characteristics

Wheat is one of the most important food crops worldwide.Wheat can be endangered by several diseases such as wheat rust,head blight,root rot,sheath blight and basal rot throughout the whole growth phase,which seriously affect the yield and quality of wheat.Therefore,it is crucial to improve the yield and quality of wheat by preventing wheat diseases and pormoting its healthy growth.With the rise and development of green agriculture,biological control measures are taken to prevent and control wheat diseases,which not only meets the advocates of reduce the needs of chemical fertilizer and pesticides,but also provides technology support for sustainable agriculture.This study is based on the pre-experimental isolation and screening of the highly efficient biocontrol strain Trichoderma atroviride H18-1-1 and the phosphate-producing strain Penicillium oxalicum QM-6.Solid fermentation was used to prepare the Trichoderma and Penicillin agents for field experiment and greenhouse pot experiment.The effects of different combinations of two kinds of microbial agents on the growth,phosphate release,and disease prevention of wheat were determined.The main findings are shown below:1.Trichoderma and Penicillium were chosen by solid fermentation to prepare their fungicides respectively.Two-year field trials were conducted between 2016-2017 and2017-2018 to observe the effects of different combinations of microbial agents against winter wheat.The effects of growth,disease prevention and phosphorus release were shown in the three growth stages of wheat including seedling stage,tillering stage,and yellow ripe stage.The growth of the wheat treat by Penicillium and Trichoderma was better than the control group significantly.The mixture of Trichoderma and Penicillium with the same proportion showed significant improvement in plant height,root length,fresh weight,dry weight,tiller number,1000-grain weight,effective panicle number,yield,as well as other growth and yield indicators of wheat.The incidence of sheath blight,root rot,scab,and basal rot was significantly reduced in the treatment group than that in the control group;the total phosphorus content in wheat plants is 88.7%higher than that in the control group.2.The CO₂ respiration method was used to measure the respiration volume of soil microorganisms to evaluate the impact of Penicillium and Trichoderma on the total amount of soil microorganisms.The results indicate that the application of Penicillium and Trichoderma agents can increased the microbial respiration in the soil which means the biocontrol agents can better colonize the soil roots and effectively improve the soil micro-ecological environment significantly.3.The method of greenhouse potting was used to determine the effects of promoting and dissolving phosphorus of Trichoderma and Penicillium.The results demonstrate that the use of different combinations had a significant growth-promoting effect on wheat.The mixture of Trichoderma and Penicillium with the same proportion compared to the control group,the plant height,ground fresh weight,and underground fresh weight of treatment group increased by 14.23%,43.12%,and 75%respectively.At the same time,the total phosphorus content of wheat plants reached 16.4 g/kg,which is 83.24%higher than that of the control.The results of pot experiment in greenhouse agree with the results of field experiment.4.In order to verify the relationship between the effect of the use of bactericide and the foundation of soil fertility.The mixture of Trichoderma and Penicillium with the same proportion is used in greenhouse pot experiment to determine the effect of promoting in wheat under two different soil fertility conditions in fertile soil and barren soil.The results showed that the mixture of the fungicide and the soil with the ration of 1:15 is the most effective for the growth of wheat.In addition the height,the unit chlorophyll content and the total phosphorus content of the wheat in the poor soil increases by 46.2%,62.3%and 98.29%respectively compared with the control group.While in fertile soil,the wheat plant height,unit chlorophyll content and plant total phosphorus content increases by 42.6%,48.06%and58.29%respectively compared with the control group.It was shown that the mixed effect of Trichoderma and Penicillium with the ratio of 1:1 on barren soil had more significant effect on promoting growth than that in fertile soil.